Fig. 3

Gains and losses of protein families. a For each species the right bar represents the number of gained protein families, and the left bar (colored light pink), the number of losses. The highest number is associated with D. pulex, an outgroup species for the 17 insect proteomes. b Turnover rate (TOR) for all species. TOR is calculated as the sum of gains and losses from the leaf up to the root. For TOR estimation we used branch length as shown in Fig. 2. The Hymenoptera are associated with a higher overall TOR with respect to Diptera