Fig. 5

IPA-predicted upstream regulators of gene expression. a Heatmap of predicted activation and inhibition states of transcription regulators that may be upstream of gene expression changes seen in the study. b Upstream regulators categorized in IPA as cytokines, transmembrane and nuclear receptors, kinases and phosphatases. In both heat maps, colors indicate z-scores, shades of blue represent inhibition of the regulator, and shades of orange represent activation of the regulator and missing values are in gray (missing values are shown where the regulator did not have any known relationship with the significantly changed genes at that time). We used the default cut off z-score >2 or < −2 as significant for our analyses, although, z-scores between −2 and 2 are shown in the figures. The complete table with z-scores is in Additional file 5