Long-term genomic selection for heterosis without dominance in multiplicative traits: case study of bunch production in oil palm

Table 1 Genetic parameters in the initial Deli and La Mé breeding populations (generation 0) obtained by simulation. Values are means over five replicates ± SD

		Real	Number of QTL and percentage of pleiotropic QTL
		values		100
			60 %	75 %	90 %
Fst		0.49	0.49 ± 0.01	0.48 ± 0.03	0.47 ± 0.02
LD (cM)^a
Deli			4.9 ± 0.25	4.91 ± 0.07	5.05 ± 0.34
La Mé			2.44 ± 0.37	2.63 ± 0.27	2.73 ± 0.27
h ²
La Mé	BN	0.56	0.63 ± 0.06	0.64 ± 0.04	0.64 ± 0.07
	ABW	0.56	0.65 ± 0.02	0.65 ± 0.04	0.63 ± 0.03
Deli	BN	0.56	0.57 ± 0.03	0.63 ± 0.07	0.6 ± 0.04
	ABW	0.56	0.54 ± 0.04	0.63 ± 0.06	0.58 ± 0.05
True breeding values
Deli	BN		12.51 ± 0.5	11.05 ± 1.22	9.43 ± 0.87
	ABW		23.32 ± 0.9	22.18 ± 0.58	21.88 ± 0.5
La Mé	BN		25.27 ± 1.07	24.14 ± 0.97	24.01 ± 0.56
	ABW		12.71 ± 1.28	12.57 ± 0.87	10.85 ± 1.04
Genetic correlation r(BN, ABW)^b
Deli		−0.9	−0.69 ± 0.07	−0.75 ± 0.07	−0.9 ± 0.02
La Mé		−1.0	−0.73 ± 0.04	−0.73 ± 0.1	−0.86 ± 0.03
Total intrapopulation additive variance
Deli	BN	5.5	1.55 ± 0.22	1.86 ± 0.63	1.78 ± 0.24
	ABW	2	0.76 ± 0.15	0.98 ± 0.38	0.87 ± 0.15
La Mé	BN	5	2 ± 0.37	1.82 ± 0.28	2.12 ± 0.5
	ABW	3	1.16 ± 0.2	1.04 ± 0.22	1.06 ± 0.2
Mean intrapopulation additive variance at QTL (in % total)
Deli	BN		1.59 ± 0.1	1.57 ± 0.16	1.64 ± 0.16
	ABW		1.51 ± 0.03	1.59 ± 0.11	1.64 ± 0.17
La Mé	BN		1.41 ± 0.1	1.49 ± 0.06	1.45 ± 0.09
	ABW		1.4 ± 0.11	1.46 ± 0.07	1.48 ± 0.11
Inbreeding
Deli			0.26 ± 0	0.26 ± 0	0.25 ± 0.01
La Mé			0.14 ± 0.01	0.13 ± 0.01	0.13 ± 0

^amean distance (cM) where linkage disequilibrium (LD) measured by r ² between adjacent loci was 0.1, calibration was made on the shape of the curves
^bthe residual correlation in the real dataset was estimated at −0.15 and was considered to be 0 in the simulation

ISSN: 1471-2164