Fig. 1

Alignments from chestnut to other plant genomes. Symap predicted alignments of the integrated chestnut genetic and physical map to the reference genomes of ten plant species with reference genome sequences. The species range broadly in phylogenetic position relative to chestnut; the relative phylogenetic position of the species is represented at the top of the table [12, 22, 23]. The locations of predicted whole genome duplication events (WGDs) during rosid evolution are marked with stars. All marked duplications were tetraploidizations except for the paleo hexaploidy event γ (gamma) which is ancestral to the rosid/asterid split [19, 20, 42] and a later triplication of the Solanum lineage, impacting the tomato genome [19]. The α and β WGDs identified in Arabidopsis [43] occurred in the Brasicales lineage, but neither are shared with papaya [44, 45]. The eucalyptus and poplar genomes have undergone an additional WGD event not shared with other species used in the analysis [13, 18]. The papilionoids underwent a WGD that is shared by soybean and medicago, but a more recent WGD event occurred in the soybean lineage (the milletioids) only [17, 46].^a The number of chestnut marker alignments to the other genome used in construction of predicted syntenic blocks. ^b The number of chestnut BES alignments to the other genome used in construction of a predicted syntenic blocks. ^c The percent of the chestnut physical map aligned to at least one location in the other genome, measured in consensus band units. ^d The percent of the chestnut physical map aligned to two or more locations in the other genome, measured in consensus band units. ^e The percent of the other genome aligned to at least one chestnut physical map contig, measured in bases. ^f The percent of the other genome aligned to two or more chestnut physical map contigs, measured in bases