Fig. 1

Gene expression of the cells experienced thermal adaptive evolution. a Overview of thermal adaptive evolution. The ancestor (Anc) and evolved strains (41B, 43B, 45 L) used in the present study are indicated, according to our previous report [5]. b Growth rates of the ancestor and evolved strains. Exponential growth rates at both regular (37 °C) and evolution-stimulating (high) temperatures are shown as open and filled bars, respectively. Standard errors of three independent tests are indicated. c Dendrogram of gene expression. Gene expression patterns are clustered as indicated. Mean of the repeated microarray results is used. The three experimental conditions of heat shock, exponential growth at regular and evolutionary temperatures are indicated as hs, r and e, respectively. Black bars highlight the two categories of gene expression, designated as responsive and steady states, respectively