Fig. 3

Auxin application influences cold stress-induced root development. a Standard condition, cold treatment, and cold treatment with IAA application phenotypes of M. falcata. b Relative expression level of genes coding for the auxin transporter (AUX). c Number of lateral roots under standard conditions, cold treatment, and cold treatment with IAA application. The mean values and SD were calculated from the results of the three replicated experiments. (Student’s t-test, **P < 0.001, *P < 0.01). d Number of nodules under standard conditions, cold treatment, and cold treatment with IAA application. The mean values and SD were calculated from the results of three replicated experiments. (Student’s t-test, **P < 0.001, *P < 0.01). e Length of root under standard conditions, cold treatment, and cold treatment with IAA application. The mean values and SD were calculated from the results of the three replicated experiments. (Student’s t-test, **P < 0.001, *P < 0.01)