Fig. 4

Differential expression analysis. Differential Gene Expression Analysis of adult male vs. female whole bodies of P. perniciosus. a Volcano plot showing the relative expression levels of the transcripts in adult male versus adult female whole body. The x-axis represents the log2 of the expression fold change (males vs. females) for each transcript of the PERNI data set. The y-axis represents the negative log10 of the adjusted p-value (FDR) of the Fisher’s Exact test. Blue data points (n = 8590) represent the transcripts that were statistically significant sex-biased (FDR < 0.01; dotted horizontal line). Dotted vertical lines represent the biological cut-off of 2-fold change in expression between males and females. b MA-plot showing the relative expression levels of the transcripts in adult male versus adult female whole body. The x-axis represents the log2 of the counts per million of mapped reads (CPM) for each transcript of the PERNI data set. The y-axis represents the log2 of the expression fold change (FC) for each transcript of the PERNI data set. Blue data points (n = 8590) represent the transcripts that were statistically significant sex-biased (FDR < 0.01; dotted horizontal line). c Histogram of the log2 of the expression fold change (FC) values between the 8590 sex-biased PERNI transcripts. Dotted orange vertical lines represent the biological cut-off of 2-fold change in expression between males and females. d Stack plot of the distribution of the annotation types of the sex-biased PERNI transcripts