Fig. 5

Expression validation of the selected known and novel miRNAs and their putative target genes from shoot apexes of HT and HS broccoli under heat stress. a and (b) Stem-loop qRT-PCR or RT-PCR showing relative expression of the selected miRNAs. U6 was used as a loading control (error bars, standard error [SE] of n = 3). c qRT-PCR analysis of their putative target genes. 18S rRNA was used as an internal control. Asterisks denote significant differences from the HT (Student’s t-test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01)