Fig. 1
Phylogenetic analysis of KOs and expression profiling of SmKO. a: Phylogenetic relationship of KOs in Aegilops speltoides (As), Arabidopsis thaliana (At), Castanea mollissima (Cam), Coffea arabica (Ca), Cucurbita maxima (Cum), Erythranthe guttata (Eg), Fragaria grandiflora (Fg), Lactuca sativa (Ls), Medicago truncatula (Mt), Momordica charantia (Mc), Morus notabilis (Mn), Nicotiana sylvestris (Ns), Nicotiana tomentosiformis (Nt), Oryza sativa (Os), Pisum sativum (Ps), Populus trichocarpa (Pt), Pyrus communis (Pc), S. miltiorrhiza (Sm), Sesamum indicum (Si), Solanum lycopersicum (Sl), Solanum tuberosum (St), Stevia rebaudiana (Sr), Triticum aestivum (Ta), and Vitis vinifera(Vv). The unrooted neighbor-joining tree was constructed using the MEGA 6.0 [64]. SmKO from S. miltiorrhiza are in bold. Clades 1–3 indicate the three clades identified. b: Fold changes of SmKO genes in roots (Rt), stems (St), leaves (Le) and flowers (Fl) of S. miltiorrhiza plants. The expression levels were analyzed using the quantitative RT-PCR method. Expression level in leaves was arbitrarily set to 1 and the levels in other tissues were given relative to this. Error bars represent standard deviations of mean value from three biological and four technical replicates. ANOVA (analysis of variance) was calculated using SPSS. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. c–e: Responses of SmKO to exogenous GA3 treatment. Fold changes of SmKO transcripts in roots (c), stems (d) and leaves (e) of S. miltiorrhiza plantlets treated with 100 μM GA3 for 0, 12, 24 and 48 h are shown. The expression levels were analyzed using the quantitative RT-PCR method. Expression level in tissues without treatment (0 h) was arbitrarily set to 1 and the levels in tissues from GA3-treated plantlets were given relative to this. Error bars represent standard deviations of mean value from three biological and four technical replicates. ANOVA (analysis of variance) was calculated using SPSS. P < 0.05 (*) and P < 0.01 (**) was considered statistically significant and extremely significant, respectively