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Table 1 Genetic merit (mean and 95 % quantiles over scenarios and replicates*) in the final stage of discovery and improvement phase with the Landrace approach, high diversity of the founding population (N e  = 100,000), and high diversity within landrace accessions (F = 0.3) by the levels of different factors

From: Initiating maize pre-breeding programs using genomic selection to harness polygenic variation from landrace populations

Level

Discovery phase

Improvement phase

Heritability

 0.25

0.033 (0.012, 0.056)a

0.098 (−0.005, 0.200)a

 0.50

0.045 (0.020, 0.072)b

0.130 ( 0.014, 0.232)b

Genotyping platform

 GBS10x@10K

0.029 (0.011, 0.049)a

0.098 (−0.014, 0.210)a

 GBS1x@100K

0.050 (0.030, 0.072)b

0.130 ( 0.031, 0.232)b

Number of phenotyped seeds per landrace

 1

0.035 (0.013, 0.061)a

0.109 (−0.008, 0.219)a

 3

0.040 (0.014, 0.069)b

0.116 ( 0.008, 0.223)b

 5

0.042 (0.017, 0.071)c

0.117 ( 0.009, 0.224)b

Number of selected landraces

 40

0.042 (0.016, 0.072)a

0.115 ( 0.003, 0.220)a

 80

0.036 (0.013, 0.063)b

0.113 ( 0.001, 0.226)a

Number of tested seeds per selected landrace

 10

0.038 (0.014, 0.066)a

0.113 (−0.004, 0.228)a

 20

0.040 (0.014, 0.068)b

0.114 ( 0.000, 0.218)a

 40

0.041 (0.015, 0.070)c

0.114 ( 0.009, 0.222)a

Number of phenotyped synthetic seeds

 0

/

0.069 (−0.020, 0.166)a

 20

/

0.116 ( 0.016, 0.213)b

 40

/

0.131 ( 0.036, 0.229)c

 60

/

0.139 ( 0.038, 0.244)d

  1. *Means with different letter within a column and a factor are different at p < 0.01