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Table 1 Chemicals and field mixtures associated with the exposure experiments considered in the current study

From: Fish connectivity mapping: linking chemical stressors by their mechanisms of action-driven transcriptomic profiles

Chemicals/field mixtures

Use/source

Putative MIE

References

1,4-dimethoxybenzene (DMB)

Ingredient in consumer products

---

---

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)

Industrial byproduct

aromatic hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor agonist

[48]

2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP)

Antiseptic agent, pesticide, industrial chemical

Uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation

---

benz(a)anthracene (BAA)

Fossil fuels

DNA mutagen and Ah receptor agonist (PAH)

[49]

perfluorinated chemicals (PFC)

Industrial chemical

---

---

tert-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ)

Ingredient in consumer products

---

---

Phenanthrene (PHE)

Fossil fuels

DNA mutagen and Ah receptor agonist (PAH)

[49]

Pyrene (PYR)

Fossil fuels

DNA mutagen and Ah receptor agonist (PAH)

[49]

decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE)

Flame retardant

 

---

dibenzothiophene (DBT)

Fossil fuels

DNA mutagen and Ah receptor agonist (PAH)

[49]

17ß-estradiol (E2)

Endogenous estrogen

ER agonist

[18]

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

medicine

ER agonist

---

ethniyl estradiol (EE2)

medicine

ER agonist

[18]

fadrozol (FAD)

medicine

CYP19 inhibitor

[18]

fipronil (FIP)

insecticide

GABA receptor antagonist

[18]

flutamide (FLU)

medicine

Androgen receptor antagonist

[18]

genistein (GEN)

phytoestrogen

ER and PPAR agonist

[50]

ketochonazole (KET)

medicine

CYP11A/CYP17 inhibitor

[18]

trenbolone (TRB)

Beef production

AR agonist

[18]

trilostane (TRI)

Veterinary medicine

3βHSD inhibitor

[18]

vinclozolin (VIN)

fungicide

AR antagonist (fungicide)

[18]

prochloraz (PRO)

fungicide

CYP17/19 inhibitor

[18]

muscimol (MUS)

research

GABA receptor agonist

[18]

bisphenol A (BPA)

Industrial chemical

ER agonist

[51]

Progesterone (PGST)

Endogenous hormone, medicine

PR agonist

[52]

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

Endogenous hormone

AR agonist

[53]

Haloperidol (HAL)

medicine

Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist

[54]

Diazepam (DIA)

medicine

GABA-A receptor modulator

[55]

bifenthrin (BIF)

insecticide

voltage-gated sodium channels disruption

[56]

cypermethrin (CYP)

insecticide

voltage-gated sodium channels disruption

[56]

esfenvalerate (ESF)

Insecticide

voltage-gated sodium channels disruption

[56]

Linuron (LIN)

Herbicide

photosynthesis inhibitor

[57]

Terbufos (TER)

Insecticide

acetylcholine esterase inhibitor

[58]

methylparaben (MPA)

Anti-fungal agent

Uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation

[59]

permethrin (PER)

Insecticide

voltage-gated sodium channels disruption

[56]

Propanil (PPL)

Herbicide

photosynthesis inhibitor

[60]

azinphos-methyl (APM)

Insecticide

acetylcholine esterase inhibitor

[61]

Propranolol (PPLL)

Medicine

β-adrenergic receptor antagonist

[62]

protein kinase C inhibitor 412 (PKC412)

Pharmaceutical compound

tyrosine kinase inhibitor

[63]

Triclocarban (TCC)

Anti-bacterial agent

---

---

Gemfibrozil (GEM)

Medicine

PPAR binding and activation

[64]

cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX)

Explosive

Neuro-toxin?

---

TNT

Explosive

---

---

Water samples near WWTPs

   

Effluent; WWTP, San Diego, California (EFFLa, EFFHa)

Positive for GEM, DIA, E2, PGST

---

[29]

Effluent; WWTP, Los Angeles, California (EFFHb)

Positive for GEM, PGST

---

[29]

Effluent; WWTP, Duluth Minnesota (WLSSD)

Positive for various estrogens, BPA

---

Unpublished observations (Jenna Cavallin US EPA)

Upstream, effluent, downstream, WWTP, Ely Minnesota (ElyUS, ElyEFF, ElyDS)

At least one site positive for various estrogens, BPA, TCC, PAHs, chlorpyrifos

---

[30]

Upstream, effluent, downstream, WWTP, Hutchinson Minnesota (HutUS, HutEFF, HutDS)

At least one site positive for various estrogens, DES, BPA, TCC, PAHs, chlorpyrifos

---

[30]

Upstream, effluent, downstream, WWTP, Rochester Minnesota (RochUS, RochEFF, RochDS)

At least one site positive for various estrogens, BPA, TCC,

---

[30]

storm, stream, waste water; WWTP, Gainesville, Florida (stormH2O, strH2O, wasteH2O)

wasteH2O seasonally positive for BPA, DIA, PFCs

---

[65]

  1. AR androgen receptor, ER estrogen receptor, GABA gamma-aminobutyric acid, HSD hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, MIE molecular initiating event, PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PR progesterone receptor, PPAR peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor–α, WWTP waste water treatment plant