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Table 1 Diet formulation, fish performance and histological evaluation of gut health

From: Differential responses of the gut transcriptome to plant protein diets in farmed Atlantic salmon

Parameter

Experimental plant protein diets

Reference diets

S45

S34B11

S22B22

S11B34

B45

FM

SBM

Key ingredient differences (g/100 g) between diets1

 Soy protein concentrate (SPC)

45

34

22

11

0

16

0

 Bean protein concentrate (BPC)

0

11

22

34

45

0

0

 Fish meal (FM)

22

22

22

22

22

56

44

 Soybean meal (SBM)

0

0

0

0

0

0

36

Fish performance (growth rate and body composition)2

 Growth rate (g over 56 days)3

9.8a (0.5)

9.7a (0.3)

9.9a (0.3)

10.1a (0.2)

7.0b (0.7)

13.1c (0.2)

11.5d (0.4)

 Protein content (%)

16.2ab (0.1)

16.5c (0.1)

16.5ac (0.2)

16.5c (0.3)

16.1b (0.2)

16.4ac (0.1)

16.4abc (0.1)

 Lipid content (%)

9.6a (0.2)

10.3b (0.3)

10.0ab (0.4)

10.2b (0.4)

9.9ab (0.1)

11.3c (0.3)

11.0c (0.4)

 Ash content (%)

2.29a (0.002)

2.25bc (0.022)

2.26b (0.023)

2.26b (0.016)

2.27ab (0.024)

2.22d (0.017)

2.23cd (0.013)

Histological scores from 1 (no enteritis) to 5 (severe enteritis) in distal gut4

 Sub-epithelial mucosa

1 (1–1)

1 (1–1)

1 (1–2)

1 (1–1)

1 (1–2)

1 (1–1)

1 (1–2)

 Mucosal folds

2 (1–4)

2 (1–3)

3 (1–4)

2 (1–3)

3 (2–4)

3 (1–4)

3 (2–5)

 Lamina propria

2 (1–2)

2 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

2 (1–2)

2 (1–3)

2 (2–3)

 Eosinophilic granulocytes

2 (2–3)

2 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

2 (2–4)

2 (2–3)

2 (2–3)

 Goblet cells5

3a (1–4)

3a (2–5)

3a (2–4)

3a (1–4)

3b (2–4)

3a (2–4)

3b (2–4)

 Supranuclear vacuoles5

2a (1–5)

2b (1–4)

2a (1–4)

2b (1–3)

4c (2–5)

3a (1–5)

5c (3–5)

Gut health (based on histological scores)

 Enteritis presence and severity

-

-

-

-

mild

-

moderate

  1. 1See Additional file 1 for complete diet composition; 2values are means and standard deviations (in PARENTHESES), see [5] for details; 3different letters indicate significant differences between the diets (P-value < 0.05); 4values are medians and ranges (in PARENTHESES), see [5] for details; 5different letters indicate significant differences between the diets (P-value < 0.05), as assessed by multilevel ordinal regression [5]