From: Differential responses of the gut transcriptome to plant protein diets in farmed Atlantic salmon
Parameter | Experimental plant protein diets | Reference diets | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S45 | S34B11 | S22B22 | S11B34 | B45 | FM | SBM | |
Key ingredient differences (g/100 g) between diets1 | |||||||
Soy protein concentrate (SPC) | 45 | 34 | 22 | 11 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
Bean protein concentrate (BPC) | 0 | 11 | 22 | 34 | 45 | 0 | 0 |
Fish meal (FM) | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 56 | 44 |
Soybean meal (SBM) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 |
Fish performance (growth rate and body composition)2 | |||||||
Growth rate (g over 56 days)3 | 9.8a (0.5) | 9.7a (0.3) | 9.9a (0.3) | 10.1a (0.2) | 7.0b (0.7) | 13.1c (0.2) | 11.5d (0.4) |
Protein content (%) | 16.2ab (0.1) | 16.5c (0.1) | 16.5ac (0.2) | 16.5c (0.3) | 16.1b (0.2) | 16.4ac (0.1) | 16.4abc (0.1) |
Lipid content (%) | 9.6a (0.2) | 10.3b (0.3) | 10.0ab (0.4) | 10.2b (0.4) | 9.9ab (0.1) | 11.3c (0.3) | 11.0c (0.4) |
Ash content (%) | 2.29a (0.002) | 2.25bc (0.022) | 2.26b (0.023) | 2.26b (0.016) | 2.27ab (0.024) | 2.22d (0.017) | 2.23cd (0.013) |
Histological scores from 1 (no enteritis) to 5 (severe enteritis) in distal gut4 | |||||||
Sub-epithelial mucosa | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–2) |
Mucosal folds | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–3) | 3 (1–4) | 2 (1–3) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (1–4) | 3 (2–5) |
Lamina propria | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (2–3) |
Eosinophilic granulocytes | 2 (2–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (2–4) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) |
Goblet cells5 | 3a (1–4) | 3a (2–5) | 3a (2–4) | 3a (1–4) | 3b (2–4) | 3a (2–4) | 3b (2–4) |
Supranuclear vacuoles5 | 2a (1–5) | 2b (1–4) | 2a (1–4) | 2b (1–3) | 4c (2–5) | 3a (1–5) | 5c (3–5) |
Gut health (based on histological scores) | |||||||
Enteritis presence and severity | - | - | - | - | mild | - | moderate |