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Table 3 Fusions of neighboring enzymes in metabolic pathways and their unstable substrates/products

From: Systematic identification and analysis of frequent gene fusion events in metabolic pathways

Metabolism area

Enzyme roles

EC numbers

SEED gene identifier

Metabolite involved

References

Aromatic amino acids

Cyclohexadienyl dehydratase/Periplasmic chorismate mutase I precursor

4.2.1.51/5.4.99.5

fig|325240.9.peg.4134

Prephenate

[75, 76]

Indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase/Phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase

4.1.1.48/5.3.1.24

fig|991999.3.peg.2431

1-(2-Carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxyribulose 5-phosphate

[77]

Histidine

Phosphoribosyl-AMP cyclohydrolase/Phosphoribosyl-ATP pyrophosphatase

3.5.4.19/3.6.1.31

fig|751585.3.peg.1763

Phosphoribosyl-AMP

[78]

Glyoxalate

Isocitrate lyase / Malate synthase

4.1.3.1/2.3.3.9

fig|404589.10.peg.3099

Glyoxalate

[79–81]

Sulfur

Adenylylsulfate kinase/Sulfate adenylyltransferase subunit 1

2.7.1.25/2.7.7.4

fig|349163.14.peg.1814

Adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate

[82]

Folate

Aminodeoxychorismate lyase/Para-aminobenzoate synthase, aminase component

4.1.3.38/2.6.1.85

fig|257309.4.peg.1776

4-Amino-4-deoxychorismate

[83]

Phosphonate

2-Aminoethylphosphonate:pyruvate aminotransferase/Phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolase

2.6.1.37/3.11.1.1

fig|691161.5.peg.2163

Phosphonoacetaldehyde

[84]

Siderophore

2,3-Dihydroxybenzoate-AMP ligase/Isochorismatase/Isochorismate synthase

2.7.7.58/3.3.2.1/5.4.4.2

fig|306537.3.peg.2089

Isochorismate

[85, 86]

Heme and siroheme biosynthesis

Precorrin-2 oxidase/Sirohydrochlorin ferrochelatase / Uroporphyrinogen-III methyltransferase

1.3.1.76/4.99.1.4/2.1.1.107

fig|644335.4.peg.2909

Precorrin 2

[87, 88]

Uroporphyrinogen-III methyltransferase/Uroporphyrinogen-III synthase

2.1.1.107/4.2.1.75

fig|479834.4.peg.2988

UroporphyrinogenIII

[89–91]

Porphobilinogen deaminase/Uroporphyrinogen-III synthase

2.5.1.61/4.2.1.75

fig|1049939.3.peg.1307

Hydroxymethylbilane

[92]

  1. Fusions of genes encoding for neighboring enzymes were extracted from the SEED database computationally as described in Methods. The metabolites involved are products of one functional role cited in the row and substrates of the corresponding fused functional role. The References column gives citations documenting the chemical instability of the intermediates