Table 2 The average GC percentages (± standard deviations) in different genomic regions of flowering genes in the three pathways of photoperiod (PH), vernalization (VE) and pathway integration (PI) in Arabidopsis, Brachypodium, wheat and barley. Abbreviations: TFBS: transcription factor binding site; CDS, coding sequence; UTR, untranslated region; NA, not applicable (as only one 5’ UTR sequence was found in PI genes of Brachypodium)
|  | Promoter | TFBS | 5’ UTR | CDS | Intron | 3’ UTR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arabidopsis | PH | 33.4 ± 4.3 | 34.2 ± 8.7 | 36.7 ± 4.4 | 45.4 ± 3.3 | 31.7 ± 2.6 | 32.5 ± 3.9 |
VE | 31.3 ± 3.3 | 32.1 ± 7.0 | 39.0 ± 4.0 | 43.3 ± 2.1 | 31.4 ± 2.5 | 33.5 ± 4.0 | |
PI | 30.0 ± 3.4 | 34.1 ± 11.6 | 34.4 ± 2.5 | 46.8 ± 3.8 | 28.9 ± 1.8 | 31.9 ± 4.5 | |
Brachypodium | PH | 48.9 ± 7.0 | 47.3 ± 9.5 | 57.4 ± 5.3 | 51.9 ± 9.6 | 38.4 ± 3.0 | 41.6 ± 3.9 |
VE | 46.9 ± 8.4 | 45.0 ± 7.8 | 62.1 ± 4.9 | 49.4 ± 6.1 | 38.8 ± 1.7 | 41.1 ± 3.2 | |
PI | 50.0 ± 9.0 | 46.3 ± 14.2 | 50.3 ± NA | 64.8 ± 7.8 | 41.2 ± 2.5 | 41.5 ± 3.9 | |
Wheat | PH | 41.8 ± 8.2 | 43.3 ± 11.6 | 48.6 ± 11.3 | 51.0 ± 6.9 | 38.9 ± 3.6 | 43.2 ± 4.3 |
VE | 43.8 ± 7.7 | 46.4 ± 13.7 | 46.0 ± 12.2 | 48.5 ± 7.0 | 39.4 ± 4.7 | 39.4 ± 5.8 | |
PI | 43.0 ± 11.0 | 47.4 ± 18.6 | 50.8 ± 9.9 | 61.3 ± 9.0 | 41.6 ± 6.7 | 41.4 ± 5.1 | |
Barley | PH | 42.9 ± 7.8 | 47.4 ± 12.6 | 54.8 ± 10.7 | 52.5 ± 7.3 | 38.9 ± 4.6 | 42.7 ± 5.4 |
VE | 39.9 ± 5.0 | 40.8 ± 14.4 | 46.6 ± 10.6 | 51.1 ± 6.0 | 37.8 ± 2.2 | 39.2 ± 6.3 | |
PI | 45.3 ± 8.5 | 42.5 ± 21.7 | 46.3 ± 10.5 | 62.8 ± 9.0 | 43.3 ± 2.7 | 44.3 ± 8.6 | |