Fig. 1
From: Ascertainment bias from imputation methods evaluation in wheat
General scheme of the procedures we followed for each component. a Procedures for golden standard (A.1) and ascertainment bias (A.2); b Procedure for GWAS performance based on simulated matrix; c Procedure for comparison of the effect of imputation in a real phenotypic dataset. Each procedure details the germplasm, genotypic and phenotypic dataset used, as well as simulation approach to obtain each phenotypic vector and GWAS analysis marker score matrices used. Procedures that used wheat data are in green and procedures that used barley data are in purple. DH, Days to Heading; GBS, Genotype-by-sequencing; MVN-EM, Multivariate Normal Expectation Maximization; Not-imputed marker score matrix; NoNA, No missing data marker score matrix; PH, Plant Height; QTL, Quantitative Trait Loci; RF: Random Forest marker score matrix; SNPs, Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism; SPM, Spikes Per Square Meter; TKW, Thousands Kernel Weight