Fig. 4

Transposable element accumulation in the female (a) and male (b) Phormia regina genome assemblies. Kimura 2-parameter distances were calculated between transposable element insertions in the genome and the homologous element in the dipteran Repbase library. Larger divergences indicate elements with larger mutation loads, and by extension, were deposited in the genome in the more distant past. Less than 40 SINE elements are present in either the female or male assemblies and are not shown here. Transposable elements are slightly more abundant in the female genome assembly. The accumulation of female specific repeats (c) follows that of the whole genome in general