Fig. 3

Comparison of three pathway enrichment methods across three GWAS. Performance is evaluated by sensitivity (a), specificity (b), positive likelihood ratio (sensitivity/(1-specificity)) (c) and receiver operating characteristic curve (d–f). Sensitivity was defined as the proportion of positive control pathways detected at FDR < 25 %. Specificity was defined as the proportion of negative controls rejected at FDR ≥ 25 %. Error bars denote the standard error of simulation results