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Table 4 PICRUSt showing predicted relative abundance of KEGG ortholog groups (Level 2 KOs)

From: Functional analysis for gut microbes of the brown tree frog (Polypedates megacephalus) in artificial hibernation

KEGG pathways

NH frogs

AH frogs

Fall

Winter

Spring

4 °C

Amino acid metabolism

9.169 ± 0.301a

9.222 ± 0.337a

9.084 ± 0.215a

10.855 ± 1.291b

Cell motility

4.297 ± 0.552a

4.338 ± 0.508a

4.674 ± 0.238a

3.258 ± 0.3b

Cellular processes and signaling

3.572 ± 0.107

3.64 ± 0.135

3.702 ± 0.123a

3.488 ± 0.102b

Circulatory system

0.005 ± 0.004

0.004 ± 0.003a

0.004 ± 0.005

0.025 ± 0.026b

Endocrine system

0.265 ± 0.018a

0.273 ± 0.026a

0.258 ± 0.02a

0.463 ± 0.196b

Environmental adaptation

0.165 ± 0.013a

0.169 ± 0.013a

0.172 ± 0.012a

0.149 ± 0.004b

Enzyme families

2.224 ± 0.059a

2.216 ± 0.052

2.155 ± 0.128

1.946 ± 0.391b

Folding, sorting and degradation

2.092 ± 0.107a

2.162 ± 0.173a

2.095 ± 0.142a

2.384 ± 0.065b

Genetic information processing

2.404 ± 0.081

2.472 ± 0.118

2.507 ± 0.121a

2.321 ± 0.072b

Immune system diseases

0.03 ± 0.006a,c

0.029 ± 0.006a,c

0.024 ± 0.005b

0.036 ± 0.007c

Infectious diseases

0.312 ± 0.013a

0.318 ± 0.016a

0.319 ± 0.031

0.394 ± 0.055b

Lipid metabolism

2.759 ± 0.107a

2.733 ± 0.128a

2.71 ± 0.112a

3.96 ± 1.373b

Membrane transport

14.685 ± 1.045a

14.072 ± 1.519a

14.645 ± 1.177a

9.828 ± 2.509b

Metabolism

2.492 ± 0.057a

2.505 ± 0.068a

2.492 ± 0.065a

2.616 ± 0.102b

Metabolism of other amino acids

1.479 ± 0.08a

1.463 ± 0.077a

1.442 ± 0.107a

2.042 ± 0.516b

Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides

1.353 ± 0.115a

1.384 ± 0.142a

1.351 ± 0.134a

2.282 ± 0.884b

Nervous system

0.093 ± 0.003a

0.092 ± 0.003a

0.091 ± 0.003a

0.104 ± 0.008b

Poorly characterized

4.872 ± 0.083a

4.909 ± 0.15

4.912 ± 0.135

5.216 ± 0.403b

Signal transduction

2.15 ± 0.171a

2.194 ± 0.18a,b,d

2.302 ± 0.126b

1.926 ± 0.111c

Transcription

2.875 ± 0.159a

2.765 ± 0.248a

2.834 ± 0.262a

2.193 ± 0.342b

Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism

1.75 ± 0.152a

1.709 ± 0.177a

1.789 ± 0.306a

3.463 ± 2.176b

  1. Abbreviations: AH frogs artificially hibernating frogs, NH frogs, nonhibernating frogs. Values are means ± SD. Within each row, values not sharing superscripts (a, b, c, and d) differ significantly (p-value < 0.05, Wilcoxon’s test)