Table 2 Differentially expressed genes that are upregulated (p < 0.001) in high isoflavonoid cultivars: DE gene models were inspected manually using annotations from the soybean database (Phytozome), and the ‘GO’ annotations associated with their Arabidopsis homologs (TAIR); they were compiled into families for consideration based on function, and potential involvement in the phenylpropanoid pathway and as underlying factors for isoflavonoid content

Glyma.03G065700.1

6.72

6.14

7.13

6.58

GRAS family transcription factor

AT2G37650.1

nucleus

Transcription factor; development

light stress; signal transduction

Glyma.03G070300.1

1.35

1.66

1.53

1.86

serine carboxypeptidase-like 19

AT5G09640.1

apoplast

specialized; sinapoyl-transferase activity; phenylpropanoid role

Glyma.06G213600.1

1.71

3.85

1.71

3.88

Histone H3 K4-specific methyltransferase SET7/9 family protein

AT4G17080.1

nucleus/cytoplasm

methyl-transferase

histone modification

Glyma.06G268600.1

2.59

3.06

2.85

3.34

disease resistance protein (TIR-NBS-LRR class)

AT5G17680.1

nucleus/cytoplasm

defense response; signal transduction; cell death

Glyma.06G268700.1

5.06

5.27

5.17

5.38

disease resistance protein (TIR-NBS-LRR class)

AT3G25510.1

nucleus/cytoplasm

defense response; signal transduction; cell death

Glyma.06G308400.1

3.95

4.50

3.35

3.92

alpha/beta-hydrolases superfamily protein

AT5G06570.1

nucleus

carboxylic ester hydrolase activity

amino acid transport

Glyma.08G087100.1

2.90

2.97

2.54

2.62

thioredoxin-1

AT2G35010.1

cytoplasm

oxidoreductase activity; acts on sulfur group

cell redox homeostasis; symbiosis

Glyma.10G029100.1

4.29

4.61

4.13

4.45

2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase superfamily protein

AT3G63290.1

plasmo-desmata

oxidoreductase activity; pollen development

Glyma.11G037100.1

2.48

4.11

2.63

4.28

FAD/NAD(P)-binding oxidoreductase family protein

AT2G35660.1

chloroplast/mitochondria

monooxygenase activity

Glyma.12G188200.1

5.12

7.20

4.60

6.67

histone deacetylase 8

AT1G08460.1

nucleus

histone deacetylase; H3K14 specific; NAD dependent

Glyma.17G144300.1

1.37

1.41

1.09

1.14

2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase superfamily protein

AT4G16770.1

cytoplasm/peroxisome

oxidoreductase activity; flavonoid biosynthetic process

Glyma.17G165600.1

1.01

1.13

0.67

0.80

zinc finger protein 7

AT1G24625.1

nucleus

DNA-templated transcriptional regulation;