Fig. 1From: Exogenous glutamate rapidly induces the expression of genes involved in metabolism and defense responses in rice rootsGlutamate as a nitrogen nutrient to support rice seedling growth. a Rice seedlings grown in hydroponics containing NH4NO3 or glutamate as the nitrogen source. Shoot length, root length (b), and chlorophyll contents (c) of rice seedlings from (a). The rice seedlings are 17-day-old. Data are means ± SD (n = 40). Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments, tested by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (P < 0.05). +N, + 1.43 mM NH4NO3; −N, no nitrogenBack to article page