Fig. 4

HPV diversity, dominance and community structure between LSIL and HSIL. a Bar chart represents the relative abundance of HPV genotypes found in LSIL and HSIL samples by deep sequencing. A total of 27 genotypes out of 43 samples were found in LSIL versus 17 genotypes out of 29 samples for HSIL with respective Shannon Wiener Indices, 3.01 and 2.28. The dominant (most abundant) genotype in LSIL was HPV-39 (BPI, 0.15) versus HPV-16 for HSIL (BPI, 0.34). Species diversity analysis between LSIL and HSIL revealed loss of HPV diversity (*, p <0.001) and domination by HPV-16 (*, p <0.001) in HSIL. b Principal component analysis (PCA) plots of HPV genotype composition in LSIL and HSIL samples. For LSIL and HSIL, HPV-16, 35, and 39 were identified as the three most influential genotypes within both HPV communities. Further species dissimilarity analysis revealed greater average abundance of HPV-16 (68%) and -35 (13%) for HSIL versus HPV-39 (24%) for LSIL. BPI, Berger-Parker Index; SWI, Shannon Wiener Index