Association mapping of loci controlling genetic and environmental interaction of soybean flowering time under various photo-thermal conditions

Table 1 Descriptive statistics of soybean flowering time in different photo-thermal treatments

Year	Environment^a	Min.	Max.	Mean ± SE	CV(%)	Skewness	Kurtosis
Year	Environment^a	(d)	(d)	(d)	CV(%)	Skewness	Kurtosis
2009^b	SD + LT	22.4	35.6	28.4 ± 0.7	11.85	0.47	0.16
	SD + HT	21.5	31.3	25.9 ± 0.6	10.60	0.17	−0.89
	LD + LT	30.0	>114.8^c	>70.9 ± 5.0^c	33.87	−0.10	−0.85
	LD + HT	24.0	>80.2^c	>47.5 ± 3.6^c	35.57	0.62	−0.47
	SP	28.5	133.6	52.4 ± 4.9	45.68	1.77	4.59
	SU	25.2	64.8	37.9 ± 2.8	35.11	−0.65	1.94
2010	SD + LT	24.0	35.1	29.0 ± 0.3	8.69	0.10	−0.27
	SD + HT	22.1	31.8	26.6 ± 0.2	7.74	0.18	−0.47
	LD + LT	26.7	>165.7^c	>98.0 ± 3.9^c	35.67	−0.03	−0.61
	LD + HT	26.6	>103.4^c	>61.5 ± 2.3^c	31.55	0.41	−0.28
	SP	25.3	137.5	53.9 ± 2.9	49.26	1.34	1.37
	SU	23.4	81.5	38.8 ± 1.2	29.18	1.15	1.56
2014	14SP	19.5	132.9	50.9 ± 3.2	58.39	1.12	0.25
2014	14SU	18.6	84.5	39.2 ± 1.6	39.51	0.95	0.25
2015	15SP	19.7	124.8	47.6 ± 2.9	57.91	0.99	−0.13
2015	15SU	19.1	76.0	36.3 ± 1.4	36.79	0.83	0.08

^aSD, 12 h; LD, 16 h; LT, low temperature (spring sowing); HT, high temperature (summer sowing); SP, Spring sowing season with natural day-length in pot experiment; SU, Summer sowing season with natural day-length in pot experiment; 14SP, Spring sowing in 2014 field experiment; 14SU, Summer sowing season in 2014 field experiment; 15SP, Spring sowing season in 2015 field experiment; 15SU, Summer sowing season in 2015 field experiment
^bA total of 91 cultivars were tested in the experiment in 2010, 2014 and 2015, and a subset of 25 cultivars from different maturity groups were used in the experiments in 2009, the cultivars were listed in the Additional file 1
^cSome late cultivars failed to flower before the end of experiment. The flowering time of the latest-flowered cultivar in the same treatment was used as that of the un-flowered cultivars when calculating the means

ISSN: 1471-2164