Dissection of additive, dominance, and imprinting effects for production and reproduction traits in Holstein cattle

Table 1 Variance decomposition of genotypic additive, dominance, and imprinting values for eight dairy traits

Trait	N	Proportion in phenotypic variance (SE)				Proportion in total genetic variance			P-value of test for σ² = 0
Trait	N	A	D	I	H ²	A	D	I	A	D	I
MY	29,811	0.338 (0.009)	0.040 (0.005)	0.008 (0.002)	0.386 (0.009)	0.875	0.104	0.020	3.5 × 10⁻¹⁵¹	9.9 × 10⁻¹⁵	4.9 × 10⁻⁴
FY	29,811	0.312 (0.009)	0.025 (0.005)	0.004 (0.002)	0.340 (0.009)	0.917	0.073	0.010	3.9 × 10⁻¹⁴⁵	1.1 × 10⁻⁷	0.04
PY	29,811	0.272 (0.009)	0.040 (0.005)	0.007 (0.002)	0.319 (0.009)	0.853	0.126	0.021	1.8 × 10⁻¹²²	1.3 × 10⁻¹³	2.5 × 10⁻³
SCS	29,392	0.102 (0.007)	0.010 (0.006)	0.002 (0.002)	0.114 (0.007)	0.893	0.087	0.019	2.2 × 10⁻⁴⁸	0.04	0.14
STPL	12,911	0.031 (0.007)	0.000 (0.011)	0.000 (0.004)	0.031 (0.010)	1.0	0.0	0.0	3.4 × 10⁻⁰⁶	0.5	0.5
DPR	22,942	0.044 (0.006)	0.011 (0.007)	0.015 (0.004)	0.069 (0.008)	0.637	0.154	0.209	5.2 × 10⁻¹⁵	0.07	1.9 × 10⁻⁵
CCR	14,318	0.051 (0.008)	0.007 (0.011)	0.021 (0.005)	0.079 (0.011)	0.647	0.090	0.264	2.2 × 10⁻¹¹	0.27	6.0 × 10⁻⁵
HCR	28,601	0.008 (0.003)	0.002 (0.005)	0.005 (0.002)	0.014 (0.005)	0.538	0.108	0.354	3.5 × 10⁻³	0.39	0.01

MY milk yield, FY fat yield, PY protein yield, SCS somatic cell score, STPL standardized productive life, DPR daughter pregnancy rate, CCR cow conception rate, HCR heifer conception rate, N sample size, A additive effect, D dominance effect, I imprinting effect, SE standard error, H ² broad-sense heritability

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