Fig. 9

The activated PRRs and signalling pathways by pIC in Atlantic salmon MLCs. This figure was adapted from known mammalian pathways [79,80,81, 83, 97, 99, 129, 131]. A question mark below or above the gene/protein name indicates putative regulating mechanism in mammals. The up- and down-regulated transcripts by pIC in the present study are drawn in red and green, respectively. The genes/proteins drawn in both red and green represent both up- and down-regulation of different probes associated with them. The microarray result of irf7 was only qPCR-validated for the FO7 group. MDA5 (melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5), RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene), LGP2 (RNA helicase LGP2), MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein), FADD (FAS-associated death domain), RIP1/3 (receptor-interacting protein 1/3), IKK (inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase), NFKB1/2 (nuclear factor kappa-B 1/2), NFKBIA (NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha), CASP (caspase), CFLAR (casp8 and fadd-like apoptosis regulator), TNF (tumour necrosis factor), IL (interleukin), IFN (interferon), NEMO (NFKB1 essential modulator or IKKG), TLR (Toll-like receptor), TRIF (TIR domain-containing adaptor protein inducing IFNB), TRAF (TNF receptor-associated factor), TANK (TRAF family member-associated NFKB activator), TBK (tank-binding kinase), IRF (IFN regulatory factor), MAP3K (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase), MAP2K (dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase), MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinase), AP1 (transcription factor AP1), Peli1 (pellino E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1), PKR (IFN-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase), TAK1 [transforming growth factor beta (TGFB)-activated kinase 1 or MAP3K7], TAB (TAK1-binding protein), RAF-1 (serine/threonine kinase Raf-1), MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88), IRAK (IL-1 receptor-associated kinase), RAC1 (ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1), PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), PIK3R4 (phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4), AKT/PKB (protein kinase B), BAD (Bcl-2-associated death promoter). Orange circles show phosphorylation