Fig. 1

The CEA gene family in microbats is the most populous so far found in mammals. a The phylogenetic tree of analyzed bats consisting of 12 species and six families was constructed using the nucleotide sequence of the exons coding for the extracellular domains of CEACAM16, CEACAM18 and CEACAM19. Two main bat subgroups belonging to either Yinpterochiroptera or Yangochiroptera suborders (marked in blue) were identified. Each suborder contains six species belonging to three bat families each. b The expansion of CEACAM1-like genes in different bat species is depicted. Numbers indicate the number of N domain exons found in the indicated species: total number of N domain exons/number of N domain exons with ORF (bold). The base of the triangles is proportional to the total number of CEA gene family members. Cut-off level for condensed tree is 50%. Efu, Eptesicus fuscus; Ehe, Eidolon helvum; Mbr, Myotis brandtii; Mda, Myotis davidii; Mlu, Myotis lucifugus; Mly, Megaderma lyra; Mna, Miniopterus natalensis; Pal, Pteropus alecto; Ppa, Pteronotus parnellii; Pva, Pteropus vampyrus; Rae, Rousettus aegyptiacus; Rfe, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum