Fig. 8

Proposed surface niche adaptation model for the ectophytic SBFS fungus R. luteum. Plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs), PTH11-like G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and effectors were drastically reduced. In contrast, genes encoding cutinases, secretory lipases and GH25-lysozymes were strikingly expanded. Genes involved in cuticle degradation (cutinase, secretory lipase) and stress responses (melanin biosynthesis, aquaporins, lysozymes and HOG pathway) were activated by R. luteum colonizing in its ectophytic niche. For heatmaps, two columns represent different treatments, i.e., inoculation on apple fruit (in planta) and growth on artificial media (in vitro), and each row is marked with the name of one gene. The colored scale bar of expression levels is divided into three grades: low (0 < FPKM <10, including 0), medium (10 < FPKM <80), and high (80 < FPKM)