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Table 1 Participant characteristics

From: Genome-wide imaging association study implicates functional activity and glial homeostasis of the caudate in smoking addiction

 

Non-smokers

Smokers

P

Sated

Abstinent

NS vs. Sat

NS vs. Abs

Sat vs. Abs

Male

37%

65%

2.65 × 10−3

 

Age

30.9 (11.3)

42.4 (11.7)

1.80 × 10−6

 

Cigarettes per day

 

15.9 (7.0)

   

Years of smoking

 

26.2 (12.7)

   

Lifetime pack-years

 

22.1 (16.2)

   

Carbon monoxidea

 

21.9 (12.6)

10.2 (6.8)

  

3.95 × 10−9

FTNDa

 

5.1 (2.1)

5.1 (2.0)

  

0.946

PANASa

 

−7.4 (10.2)

−7.5 (9.5)

  

0.976

SJWQa

 

3.4 (0.7)

3.9 (1.0)

  

1.77 × 10−3

RSFC

 

 Caudate-amygdala

0.148 (0.102)

−0.539 (0.146)

0.361 (0.149)

3.40 × 10−4

0.277

1.38 × 10−4

 Caudate-mPFC

−0.241 (0.125)

0.356 (0.117)

−0.001 (0.157)

9.08 × 10−4

0.265

0.099

 Caudate-sPFC

−0.224 (0.118)

0.309 (0.144)

0.023 (0.145)

6.48 × 10−3

0.221

0.198

 Caudate-GP

0.211 (0.118)

−0.294 (0.138)

−0.020 (0.154)

7.91 × 10−3

0.269

0.225

 Putamen-mPFC

−0.261 (0.124)

0.244 (0.120)

0.159 (0.159)

4.93 × 10−3

0.054

0.696

Caudate activity, during

 Reward

0.186 (0.847)

−0.317 (1.070)

0.002 (1.100)

0.015

0.358

 

 Disappointment

0.038 (0.984)

−0.139 (0.975)

0.072 (1.056)

0.376

0.868

 

Putamen activity, during

 Reward

0.112 (0.981)

−0.067 (1.062)

−0.114 (0.973)

0.393

0.244

 

 Disappointment

−0.012 (1.040)

0.002 (0.885)

0.021 (1.059)

0.957

0.872

 
  1. Mean participant characteristics are displayed with standard errors in parentheses. Caudate and putamen fMRI activities during reward and disappointment are presented as z-scores. The sample sizes for each comparison differ depending on type of data collected, as discussed in the Methods section: non-smokers range from N = 64 to N = 67 and smokers range from N = 42 to N = 52. a denotes comparison using paired t-test; all other comparisons were performed using unpaired t-tests and χ 2 tests for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Abs abstinent smokers; FTND Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, GP globus pallidus, mPFC medial prefrontal cortex, NS non-smokers, PANAS Positive And Negative Affect Scale, RSFC resting state functional connectivity, Sat Sated smokers, SJWQ Shiffman-Jarvik Withdrawal Questionnaire, sPFC superior prefrontal cortex
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BMC Genomics

ISSN: 1471-2164

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