Table 2 Function or pathogenic role of the virulence factors and two-component regulatory systems of S. pneumoniae
From: The variome of pneumococcal virulence factors and regulators
Virulence Factors | Protein Name | Function and/or Pathogenic Role | |
|---|---|---|---|
LPxTG - Proteins | BgaA | β-Galactosidase | β-Galactosidase Enzyme |
EndoD | Endo-β-N-Acetylglucosaminidase D | Virulence | |
PclA | Pneumococcal Collagen-Like Protein | Adherence and Invasion | |
SpGH101 | Endo-α-N-Acetylgalactosaminidase | Virulence | |
StrH | β-N-Acetylhexosaminidase | β-N-Acetylhexosaminidase Enzyme | |
NanA | Neuraminidase A | Hydrolytic Enzyme, Adherence and Colonization | |
PfbA | Plasmin- and Fibronectin-Binding Protein A | Adherence, Immune Evasion and Antiphagocytosis | |
PrtA | Subtilysin-Like Serine Protease | Virulence | |
PavB | Pneumococcal Adherence and Virulence Protein B | Adherence and Colonization | |
KsgA | Dimethyladenosine Transferase | Virulence | |
SpuA | Alkaline Amyllopullullanase | Pullullanase Enzyme and Immune Evasion | |
HysA | Hyaluronate Lyase | Hyaluronidase Enzyme and Colonization | |
SP_1492 | Cell Wall Surface Anchor Protein Family, Mucin-Binding Protein | Virulence | |
ZmpA | Zinc Metalloprotease A, IgA1 | IgA1 Protease Enzyme and Colonization | |
ZmpB | Zinc Metalloprotease B | Immune Evasion and Colonization | |
ZmpC | Zinc Metalloprotease C | Immune Evasion and Colonization | |
ZmpD | Zinc Metalloprotease D, IgA1 Paralog Protease | Immune Evasion and Colonization | |
PsrP | Pneumococcal Serine-Rich Repeats Protein | Adherence | |
RrgA | Pilus-1 Tip Protein (Adhesin) | Adherence | |
RrgB | Pilus-1 Backbone Protein | Adherence | |
RrgC | Pilus-1 Anchore Protein | Adherence | |
PitA | Pilus-2 Subunit, Ancillary Protein | Adherence | |
PitB | Pilus-2 Subunit, Backbone Protein | Adherence | |
Choline-Binding Proteins (CBPs) | LytA | Autolysin (N-Acetyl-Muramoyl-L-Alanine Amidase) | Autolytic Enzyme, Cell Wall Digestion and Autolysis |
LytB | Endo-β-N-Acetylglucosamidase | Immune Evasion and Colonization | |
LytC | Lysozyme (1,4-β-N-Acetylmuramidase) | Adherence, Immune Evasion and Colonization | |
Pce | Choline-Binding Protein E, Phosphorylcholine Estearase | Phosphorylcholine Estearase Enzyme, Adherence, Colonization and Cellular Metabolism | |
PcpA | Pneumococcal Choline-Binding Protein A | Protection Against Lung Infection and Sepsis | |
PspA | Pneumococcal Surface Protein A | Cellular Metabolism and Immune Evasion | |
PspC | Pneumococcal Surface Protein C, Choline-Binding Protein A | Adherence, Immune Evasion, Colonization and Invasion | |
CbpC | Choline-Binding Protein C | Virulence | |
CbpD | Choline-Binding Protein D | Colonization | |
CbpF | Choline-Binding Protein F | Virulence | |
CbpG | Choline-Binding Protein G | Adherence and Colonization | |
CbpI | Choline-Binding Protein I | Virulence | |
CbpJ | Choline-Binding Protein J | Virulence | |
SP_0667 | Pneumococcal Surface Protein (Putative Lysozyme) | Virulence | |
Lipoproteins | GlnQ | Glutamine Transporter | Cellular Metabolism |
PiaA | Iron-Compound ABC Transporter | Peptidil-Prolil Isomerase (PPIase) Enzyme | |
PiuA | Iron-Compound ABC Transporter | Peptidil-Prolil Isomerase (PPIase) Enzyme | |
PpiA | Streptococcal Lipoprotein Rotamase A, Peptidil-Prolil Isomerase (PPIases) Enzyme | Peptidil-Prolil Isomerase (PPIase) Enzyme | |
PsaA | Peptide Permease Enzyme, Manganese ABC Transporter, Manganese-Binding Lipoprotein | Immune Evasion | |
PpmA | Foldase Protein PrsA, Proteinase Maturation A | Adherence, Immune Evasion, Strain-Specific Colonization and Evasion of Phagocytosis | |
AliA | Oligopeptide ABC Trasporter | Adherence | |
PhtA | Pneumococcal Histidine Triad A | Adherence and Immune Evasion | |
PhtB | Pneumococcal Histidine Triad B | Adherence and Immune Evasion | |
PhtD | Pneumococcal Histidine Triad D | Adherence and Immune Evasion | |
PhtE | Pneumococcal Histidine Triad E | Adherence and Immune Evasion | |
Non-Classical Surface-Exposed Proteins | Eno | Enolase (2-Phosphoglycerate Dehydratase) | Glycolytic Enzyme, Adherence and Colonization |
GAPDH | Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase | Glycolytic Enzyme, Adherence and Colonization | |
HtrA | High-Temperature Requirement A, Serine Protease (Heat Shock Protein) | Serine Protease Enzyme | |
PavA | Pneumococcal Adherence and Virulence Protein A | Adherence, Immune Evasion, Colonization and Translocation | |
Pbp1B | Penicillin-Binding Protein 1B | Antibiotic Resistance | |
StkP | Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase | Cellular Metabolism and Fitness | |
Usp45 | PcsB, Secreted 45-KDa Protein | Virulence | |
NanB | Neuraminidase B | Hydrolytic Enzyme, Adherence and Colonization | |
PppA | Pneumococcal Protective Protein A, Non-Heme Iron-Containing Ferritine | Colonization | |
Fic-Like | Fic-Like Cell Fillamentation Protein | Putative Cytotoxicity | |
6PGD | 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase | Virulence | |
Ply | Pneumolysin | Cytolytic Toxin, Adherence, Immune Evasion, Invasion, Dissemination and Complement Activation | |
NanC | Neuraminidase C | Virulence | |
Regulators | RlrA | Pathogenicity Island rlrA Transcriptional Regulator | Virulence |
MgrA | MgrA Family Transcriptional Regulator | Virulence | |
MerR | MerR Family Transcriptional Regulator | Virulence | |
PsaR | Iron-Dependent Transcriptional Regulator | Virulence | |
Histidine Kinases (HKs) | HK01 | Sensor Histidine Kinase | Virulence |
HK02 | Sensor Histidine Kinase, VicK | Antibiotic Resistance, Virulence and Fitness | |
HK03 | Sensor Histidine Kinase, LiaS | Antibiotic Resistance and Stress Protection | |
HK04 | Sensor Histidine Kinase, PnpS | Genetic Competence, Fitness, Immune Evasion | |
HK05 | Sensor Histidine Kinase, CiaH | Antibiotic Resistance, Genetic Competence and Pathogenesis | |
HK06 | Sensor Histidine Kinase | Colonization and Invasion | |
HK07 | Sensor Histidine Kinase, YesM | Fitness | |
HK08 | Sensor Histidine Kinase, SaeS | Pathogenesis and Fitness | |
HK09 | Sensor Histidine Kinase | Virulence | |
HK10 | Sensor Histidine Kinase, VncS | Antibiotic Resistance | |
HK11 | Sensor Histidine Kinase | Biofilm Formation | |
HK12 | Sensor Histidine Kinase, ComD | Genetic Competence | |
HK13 | Sensor Histidine Kinase, BlpH | Virulence | |
Response Regulators (RRs) | RR01 | Response Regulator | Virulence |
RR02 | Response Regulator, VicR | Antibiotic Resistance, Virulence and Fitness | |
RR03 | Response Regulator, LiaR | Antibiotic Resistance and Stress Protection | |
RR04 | Response Regulator, PnpR | Genetic Competence, Fitness, Immune Evasion | |
RR05 | Response Regulator, CiaR | Antibiotic Resistance, Genetic Competence, Pathogenesis | |
RR06 | Response Regulator | Colonization and Invasion | |
RR07 | Response Regulator, YesN | Fitness | |
RR08 | Response Regulator, SaeR | Pathogenesis and Fitness | |
RR09 | Response Regulator | Virulence | |
RR10 | Response Regulator, VncR | Antibiotic Resistance | |
RR11 | Response Regulator | Biofilm Formation | |
RR12 | Response Regulator, ComE | Genetic Competence | |
RR13 | Response Regulator, BlpR | Virulence | |
RR14 | Response Regulator | Virulence | |