Fig. 1

Degree of morphological abnormality. a Schematic representation of morphological abnormality (i.e., nucleus size) in budding yeast cells. Red and blue circles indicate the actin patch and nucleus, respectively. Inequality between mutants indicates a difference in the degree of morphological abnormality. b Schematic representation of holistic morphological abnormality in mutants. For each mutant, Euclidean distance from the mean of wild-type replicates is calculated in orthogonal phenotypic space to determine the degree of gross morphological abnormality. As an example, calculation of the Euclidean distance of mutant “a” in three-dimensional phenotypic space is shown. Red and orange spheres indicate mutant “a” and wild-type replicates, respectively. c Schematic representation of signature profiles and holistic morphological abnormalities in yeast morphological mutants. As an example, abnormalities of six morphological traits in a mutant from wild type are shown in spider charts. A center of a chart indicates no abnormality. In the left panel, red and blue lines indicate signature profiles of mutant A and B, respectively. In the right panel, red and blue areas indicate holistic morphological abnormalities of mutant A’ and B’, respectively. Sizes of the colored areas are proportional to degrees of the holistic morphological abnormalities