Table 4 miR-216a and miR-217 modulated mRNAs
Gene | Targeted by | Protein function |
|---|---|---|
Atf6 | miR-216a-5p | ER stress response transcription factor involved in autophagy and increasing chaperone proteins for unfolded proteins to enhance cell survival [18,19,20,21,22] |
Ino80 | miR-216a-5p | Component of chromatin remodeling complex; loss of activity yields decreased transcription of genes requiring this remodeling [23, 24] |
Tmem178b | miR-216a-5p | Unknown function transmembrane glycoprotein |
Acox1 | miR-216a-5p | Beta-oxidation enzyme for long-chain fatty acids that are involved in ER stress responses resulting in apoptosis from mitochondrial injury & increased ROS [25,26,27,28] |
CALR | miR-216a-5p | Calcium binding molecule that acts as a chaperone during endoplasmic reticulum stress and modulates apoptosis [29, 30] |
Ngfrap1 | miR-216a-5p | Mediator or co-factor inducing or promoting apoptosis in response to multiple signals [31, 32] |
Mitf | miR-216a-5p | Transcription factor that when inhibited leads to apoptosis of mast cells and melanocytes; over expression can result in cellular hypertrophy [33, 34] |
Twistnb | miR-216a-5p | Unknown specific function; component of RNA polymerase I (subunit RPA43) controlling transcription [35, 36] |
Pten | miR-216a-5p miR-217-5p | A phosphatase mediator of apoptosis in multiple cell types and initiated through multiple signaling paths; loss of Pten leads to proliferation [37,38,39,40] |
Zbtb20 | miR-217-5p | Transcription factor associated with enhanced cell survival and proliferation [41, 42] |
Sirt1 | miR-217-5p | Enhances cell survival under stress and protects against apoptosis by promoting autophagy [43,44,45,46] |
Slc4a2 | miR-217-5p | Ion exchange protein that mediates anion influx into cells with loss of function promoting apoptosis [47, 48] |
Nr4a2 | miR-217-5p | Nuclear hormone receptor that modulates apoptosis with decreased expression yielding increased apoptosis [49, 50] |
Cdc73 | miR-217-5p | Component of transcriptional regulatory complex modulating apoptosis with loss of function and over expression associated with proliferation [51,52,53] |
Nhlrc2 | miR-217-5p | Asparagine-Histidine-Leucine repeat containing protein of undescribed function although this repeat motif is associated with caspase inhibitors and regulation of growth factors [54, 55] |
Adss | miR-217-5p | Enzyme involved in purine synthesis and creation of AMP; reported in human autophagy network as a likely binding partner to ATG10, gene for an autophagy related enzyme [56, 57] |
Ppm1d | miR-217-5p | Protein phosphatase implicated in regulation of apoptosis in pancreatic cancer and autophagy in genotoxic stress [58, 59] |