Fig. 1

Overview of the study design, consisting of 7 days (six nights) in the sleep laboratory. During the Baseline and Recovery phases, all 17 subjects received 10 h Time in Bed (TIB) for sleep each night. During the Experimental phase, the 11 Total Sleep Deprivation (TSD) persons underwent a 62 h period of continuous wakefulness, whereas the 6 Control subjects continued to have 10 h TIB each night. Vertical lines indicate the 12 timepoints with blood collection and Psychomotor Vigilance Test data analyzed here