Fig. 4

SCAMK was proposed for the X monophyly genes based on its origin. a The X monophyly genes have been found in Metakinetoplastina protists, and the timing of origin of the parasitic dominant clade Metakinetoplastina coincide with the emergence of diverse hosts including Vertebrata, streptophyta plants, and the Insecta vector. This time period was highlighted in grey block. b X monophyly genes originated through the insertion of a calmodulin gene into the C-terminal of a SnRK3 genes. The insertion site located between the SnRK3 specific motif B and motif C, thereby we named it as SnRK3 fused calmodulin-like3 kinase, SCAMK, according to its origin. c Gene synteny between the non-SCAMK reverse complementary strand of LFNC01000585.1 of Perkinsela sp. and the SCAMK-containing reverse complementary contig NODE_83362 of Trypanoplasma borreli. d The insertion was most likely produced by an unequal crossover of homologous chromosomes