Table 1 Characteristics of the four study populations

Malaria transmission intensity

High

Medium-high

Medium-low

Low

Number of samples

49

33

49

52

Year of sample collection

2008

1994–1996

2010

2007

Median age in months

36

30

53.5

84

(range)

(6–72)

(11–37)

(14–147)

(12–612)

log₁₀ median parasitaemia

5.3

4.7

5.1

5.1

(par/μl) (range)

(4.9–5.8)

(4.0–5.8)

(2.5–6.1)

(4.4–5.8)

Median hemoglobin (g/dl)

9.9

9.4

10.6

9.6

(range)

(5.2–15.2)

(5.3–13.2)

(3.4–12.1)

(3.2–12.9)

Median number of clones

2

2

2

2

(range)

(1–6)

(1–7)

(1–5)

(1–5)

Monoclonal infections (percentage)

10.2

33.3

18.4

26.9