Table 2 The 10 most significant up- and down-regulated differentially expressed genes¹ in the muscle tissue for the effects of Diet² and Sex³

 SPATA1

Spermatogenesis associated 1

Involved in male fertility [58]

2.28 [1.54, 3.39]

3.91E-03

 SYT3

Synaptotagmin 3

Involved in glucose metabolism [50]

1.89 [1.39, 2.57]

3.75E-03

 FZD5

Frizzled class receptor 5

Wnt/Wingless (Wg) signals [52]

1.84 [1.35, 2.5]

8.00E-03

 AQP4

Aquaporin 4

Water channels [59]

1.62 [1.28, 2.06]

3.97E-03

 CHN1

Chimerin 1

GTPase-activating protein [60]

1.48 [1.22, 1.82]

5.59E-03

 ETNPPL

Ethanolamine-phosphate phospholyase

Associated to fatty acid and lipid metabolic process [49]

1.33 [1.19, 1.48]

1.56E-04

 SMIM11A

Small integral membrane protein 11A

1.26 [1.14, 1.39]

8.36E-04

 ETFRF1

Electron transfer flavoprotein regulatory factor 1

Involved in fatty acid oxidation [51]

1.24 [1.12, 1.37]

3.97E-03

 TMCC2

Transmembrane and coiled-coil domain family 2

Play a role in neurodegeneration [61]

1.21 [1.1, 1.31]

2.91E-03

 TRAPPC6B

Trafficking protein particle complex 6B

Vesicle transport [62]

1.1 [1.06, 1.15]

5.42E-04

 ATP6V0D1

ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit d1

Involved in oxidative phosphorylation [43]

0.89 [0.85, 0.93]

1.67E-04

 RTF2

Replication termination factor 2

Riboflavin transporters [63]

0.89 [0.84, 0.94]

1.62E-03

 MLX

MAX dimerization protein

Control cell cycle [64]

0.82 [0.77, 0.88]

2.44E-05

 GPC4

Glypican 4

Involved in cell proliferation [44]

0.81 [0.74, 0.89]

1.41E-03

 TSPAN7

Tetraspanin 7

Maturation of glutamatergic synapses [65]

0.81 [0.74, 0.88]

1.31E-04

 SLCO3A1

Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1

Thyroid hormone membrane transporter involved in satellite cell differentiation [42]

0.77 [0.71, 0.84]

4.58E-07

 RASD2

RASD family member 2

Involved in cellular movement and cell cycle [48]

0.76 [0.68, 0.86]

2.25E-03

 LAT

Inker for activation of T cells

T cell activation [66]

0.63 [0.53, 0.75]

1.91E-05

 SLC2A1

Solute carrier family 2 member 1

Glucose transporter [67]

0.62 [0.51, 0.75]

1.67E-04

 RASL10B

RAS like family 10 member B

Potential tumor suppression [68]

0.51 [0.38, 0.68]

6.60E-04

 FAAP24

Fanconi anemia core complex associated protein 24

DNA damage response [69]

2.14 [1.6, 2.87]

1.67E-05

 TXLNG

Taxilin gamma

1.93 [1.59, 2.35]

8.48E-10

 KDM6A

Lysine demethylase 6A

Demethylase [70]

1.67 [1.51, 1.85]

<  1.00E-13

 ZRSR2

Zinc finger CCCH-type, RNA binding motif and serine/arginine rich 2

1.61 [1.39, 1.88]

4.27E-08

 EIF2S3

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit gamma

Play a role in pituitary development and insulin secretion [71]

1.48 [1.38, 1.6]

<  1.00E-13

 SRD5A3

Steroid 5 alpha-reductase 3

Produces steroid hormones [72]

1.38 [1.24, 1.53]

6.49E-08

 TMCC2

Transmembrane and coiled-coil domain family 2

1.28 [1.16, 1.4]

1.30E-05

 SYAP1

Synapse associated protein 1

1.27 [1.21, 1.34]

<  1.00E-13

 USP9X

Ubiquitin specific peptidase 9, X-linked

TGF-β signaling [53]

1.25 [1.14, 1.37]

1.15E-04

 ICMT

Isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase

Methyltransferase [73]

1.24 [1.13, 1.35]

1.26E-04

 ARID1B

AT-rich interaction domain 1B

Regulation of cell cycle [74]

0.87 [0.82, 0.93]

2.77E-04

 ZBED1

Zinc finger BED-type containing 1

Associated with cell proliferation [75]

0.75 [0.66, 0.85]

1.22E-03

 ADAM1B

A disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain 1b

Involved in male fertilization [76]

0.54 [0.41, 0.69]

1.15E-04

 ANOS1

Anosmin 1

Cell adhesion [77]

0.53 [0.4, 0.69]

2.20E-04

 GCGR

Glucagon receptor

Glucagon receptor [78]

0.44 [0.3, 0.63]

6.00E-04

 ACTL8

Actin like 8

0.4 [0.27, 0.59]

2.45E-04

 CD3G

CD3g molecule

T-cell receptor [79]

0.28 [0.17, 0.46]

8.08E-05

 RIMS1

Regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 1

Maintenance of normal synaptic function [80]

0.14 [0.1, 0.19]

<  1.00E-13

 LOC107131205

Lysine-specific demethylase 6A-like

Antioxidant [81]

0.07 [0.06, 0.08]

<  1.00E-13

 LOC107131189

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 3, Y-linked-like

0.01 [0.01, 0.01]

<  1.00E-13