From: Transcriptome analysis of Xenopus orofacial tissues deficient in retinoic acid receptor function
Gene | Gene Name | General Protein Function |
---|---|---|
Decreased | ||
 ALX1 | Alx Homeobox 1 | Unknown in humans, in rodents it is necessary for survival of forebrain mesenchyme and possibly neural tube development. |
 BGN | Biglycan | Small, leucine-rich proteoglycan that plays a role in bone growth, muscle development, and collagen fibril assembly. |
 BMP2 | Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 | Secreted ligand of the TGF-beta family that is important in bone and cartilage development. |
 BMP5 | Bone Morphogenetic Protein 5 | TGF-beta family ligand that binds to BMP receptors and activates Smad signaling. Important for bone and cartilage development. |
 COL9A1 | Collagen Type IX Alpha 1 Chain | Essential for assembly of type IX collagen a minor component of hyaline cartilage and found in tissues containing type II collagen which forms cartilage |
 COL9A2 | Collagen Type IX Alpha 2 Chain | Essential for assembly of type IX collagen a minor component of hyaline cartilage and found in tissues containing type II collagen which forms cartilage |
 COL9A3 | Collagen Type IX Alpha 3 Chain | Essential for assembly of type IX collagen a minor component of hyaline cartilage and found in tissues containing type II collagen which forms cartilage |
 HMGA2 | High Mobility Group AT-Hook 2 | A member of the non-histone chromosomal high mobility group protein family that acts as a transcription regulator. |
 RARB | Retinoic Acid Receptor Beta | Ligand-dependent transcription regulator important for embryonic morphogenesis, cell growth, and differentiation. |
 RARG | Retinoic Acid Receptor Gamma | Ligand-dependent transcription regulator implicated in embryonic growth, limb bud development, and differentiation. |
 SIX2 | SIX Homeobox 2 | A member of the sine oculis family of proteins that are transcription factors involved in limb and eye development. |
 TGFB1 | Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 | Ligand for TGF-beta superfamily of signaling molecules, activates Smad signaling to regulate cellular proliferation and differentiation. |
 WNT1 | Wnt Family Member 1 | Soluble transcription regulator that binds to frizzled receptors and plays several roles in development. |
Increased | ||
 DLX2 | Distal-Less Homeobox 2 | Transcription factor expressed in the developing head and limbs; important for the terminal differentiation of neurons and craniofacial patterning. |
 FRZB | Frizzled Related Protein | Modulator of Wnt signaling important for the regulation of bone development. |
 SLC39A8 | Solute Carrier Family 39 Member 8 | Manganese and zinc influx transporter. |
 COL2A1 | Collagen Type II Alpha 1 Chain | Fibrillar collagen found in cartilage and the vitreous of the eye, essential for normal embryonic development of the skeleton |
Unchanged | ||
 ACAN | Aggrecan | Integral extracellular matrix proteoglycan in cartilaginous tissue |
 CHRDL2 | Chordin Like 2 | Chordin family member that interacts with TGF-beta signaling and may play a role in myoblast and osteoblast differentiation. |
 SIX5 | SIX Homeobox 5 | Transcription factor involved in the regulation of organogenesis. |
 SNAI1 | Snail Family Transcriptional Repressor 1 | Zinc finger transcriptional repressor that downregulates the expression of ectodermal genes in the mesoderm. |
 TGFB2 | Transforming Growth Factor Beta 2 | Ligand for TGF-beta superfamily of signaling molecules, activates Smad signaling. |