Fig. 6

The proposed molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of IMPA on differentiation and lipid deposition in chicken MSC. (1) IMPA suppressed differentiation of MSC via JNK/MAPK signaling: IMPA trigger the upstream kinase Rac2, which subsequently activates MAP3K8, leading to activation of JNK. The activated JNK next activates its downstream effector c-JUN, and subsequently inhibits MyoD and MyoG. Finally, the downregulated MyoD and MyoG inhibit differentiation of MSC. (2) IMPA promote lipid deposition in MSC mainly via PPAR signaling: IMPA influences fatty acid transport in MSC via CD36, SLC27A1, and FABP4, activate fatty acids via ACSBG2 and ACSL5, facilitate cellular cholesterol formation via DISP3 and CYP7A1, and contribute to lipid droplets (LD) via PLIN2. Pathways related to cell junctions are closely interrelated with each other, which form a regulatory network with MAPK signaling and contribute to differentiation and lipid deposition of MSC