Table 2 Akaloid concentration from plants grown in the field, young plants grown in the greenhouse, and flowering plants grown in the greenhouse
Nicotine [mg/g] | Nornicotine [μg/g] | Anatabine [μg/g] | Nitrate [mg/g] | Asn [mg/g] | Gln [mg/g] | Asp [mg/g] | Glu [mg/g] | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mean | stdev | mean | stdev | mean | stdev | mean | stdev | mean | stdev | mean | stdev | mean | stdev | mean | stdev | ||
Field | |||||||||||||||||
N. rustica | Lower leaf | 47.7 | 9.2 | 968.4 | 357.1 | 967.4 | 116.0 | 7.9 | 11.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 0.3 |
Upper leaf | 34.4 | 15.5 | 576.1 | 276.9 | 529.0 | 263.8 | 3.5 | 2.7 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 0.3 | |
Root | 14.5 | 1.4 | 558.6 | 47.0 | 950.7 | 101.6 | 6.5 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 0.2 | |
N. paniculata | Lower leaf | 5.0 | 0.6 | 495.2 | 56.1 | 39.0 | 3.9 | 8.9 | 3.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.1 |
Upper leaf | 4.2 | 1.0 | 515.5 | 162.9 | 29.4 | 6.2 | 4.9 | 2.6 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 4.8 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.1 | |
Root | 7.9 | 1.7 | 4424.5 | 1238.4 | 271.2 | 81.7 | 4.5 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.2 | |
N. knightiana | Lower leaf | 7.8 | 1.8 | 573.2 | 175.2 | 61.1 | 9.2 | 4.4 | 3.8 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.1 |
Upper leaf | 2.7 | 0.4 | 203.6 | 17.2 | 18.1 | 3.2 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 0.2 | |
Root | 4.6 | 1.3 | 5061.3 | 1487.9 | 336.4 | 61.1 | 5.3 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 2.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 1.4 | 0.2 | |
N. undulata | Lower leaf | 7.3 | 1.2 | 464.6 | 151.1 | 49.3 | 10.8 | 23.5 | 11.9 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
Upper leaf | 5.9 | 1.0 | 475.5 | 107.5 | 30.3 | 6.3 | 9.7 | 9.6 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.9 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.3 | |
Root | 16.8 | 2.2 | 2614.6 | 435.3 | 383.9 | 22.9 | 11.9 | 4.0 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 3.0 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 0.4 | |
N. tabacum | Lower leaf | 25.6 | 5.7 | 787.2 | 217.5 | 1041.8 | 271.0 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.1 |
Upper leaf | 5.0 | 0.4 | 138.0 | 29.5 | 168.5 | 29.5 | 2.7 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 4.4 | 2.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1.2 | 0.5 | |
Root | 11.1 | 1.5 | 823.1 | 130.2 | 1154.1 | 168.4 | 4.6 | 3.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.2 | |
N. sylvestris | Lower leaf | 10.7 | 1.9 | 1566.1 | 970.3 | 198.6 | 25.3 | 7.7 | 7.6 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.1 |
Upper leaf | 3.9 | 1.2 | 643.2 | 496.0 | 91.9 | 49.5 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 4.8 | 3.9 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.2 | |
Root | 13.8 | 1.7 | 878.7 | 130.0 | 1355.1 | 320.8 | 8.8 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 2.1 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.3 | |
N. tomentosiformis | Lower leaf | 0.0 | 0.0 | 783.9 | 96.8 | 131.1 | 24.3 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
Upper leaf | 0.0 | 0.0 | 435.2 | 66.1 | 65.1 | 17.1 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.2 | |
Root | 3.5 | 0.3 | 1173.9 | 161.7 | 1703.1 | 62.0 | 6.8 | 3.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1.8 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 0.2 | |
Greenhouse -- young plants | |||||||||||||||||
N. rustica | Lower leaf | 15.1 | 2.1 | 201.8 | 46.9 | 235.5 | 117.0 | 31.1 | 1.7 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 0.2 |
Upper leaf | 27.0 | 5.0 | 304.9 | 41.4 | 173.4 | 44.1 | 13.6 | 4.3 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 2.2 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 2.1 | 0.2 | |
Root | 7.2 | 1.0 | 240.4 | 41.0 | 421.3 | 122.0 | 11.3 | 3.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.1 | |
N. paniculata | Lower leaf | 4.5 | 0.4 | 702.4 | 220.7 | 92.2 | 122.6 | 52.4 | 19.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 1.4 | 0.3 |
Upper leaf | 4.7 | 1.1 | 629.4 | 152.5 | 11.3 | 9.3 | 23.4 | 9.5 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 3.4 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 0.4 | |
Root | 5.5 | 0.9 | 3543.3 | 1117.7 | 67.5 | 43.1 | 10.3 | 2.7 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.1 | |
N. knightiana | Lower leaf | 8.2 | 2.3 | 430.4 | 155.6 | 66.4 | 20.6 | 9.3 | 6.4 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 0.2 |
Upper leaf | 7.6 | 3.1 | 536.8 | 244.9 | 19.3 | 9.4 | 3.6 | 2.8 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 2.0 | 0.2 | |
Root | 6.7 | 0.9 | 2861.5 | 783.4 | 155.9 | 15.5 | 5.1 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 2.7 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.1 | |
N. undulata | Lower leaf | 5.0 | 2.1 | 84.3 | 37.4 | 52.6 | 27.2 | 74.0 | 33.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 0.3 |
Upper leaf | 10.6 | 6.1 | 187.4 | 96.2 | 78.1 | 32.3 | 20.7 | 7.6 | 2.2 | 3.0 | 3.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 2.6 | 0.8 | |
Root | 5.6 | 2.2 | 682.1 | 230.8 | 371.6 | 180.9 | 12.2 | 2.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.3 | |
N. tabacum | Lower leaf | 10.8 | 2.1 | 289.0 | 64.9 | 350.8 | 44.3 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 0.2 |
Upper leaf | 6.1 | 1.2 | 166.6 | 29.9 | 129.4 | 31.9 | 2.5 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 3.5 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 2.0 | 0.2 | |
Root | 4.0 | 0.4 | 244.7 | 34.4 | 292.2 | 21.2 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.1 | |
N. sylvestris | Lower leaf | 6.3 | 1.3 | 225.6 | 154.5 | 35.6 | 9.3 | 7.8 | 5.9 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.2 |
Upper leaf | 4.7 | 0.8 | 128.5 | 40.1 | 34.2 | 7.4 | 6.1 | 2.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 0.2 | |
Root | 8.1 | 1.4 | 777.7 | 218.9 | 360.5 | 32.0 | 4.0 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.1 | |
N. tomentosiformis | Lower leaf | 0.0 | 0.0 | 770.2 | 176.8 | 140.4 | 30.3 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 0.4 |
Upper leaf | 0.0 | 0.0 | 450.1 | 159.0 | 77.0 | 25.5 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 5.3 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 0.2 | |
Root | 1.7 | 0.5 | 352.2 | 101.6 | 639.2 | 129.3 | 6.2 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 0.2 | |
Greenhouse -- flowering plants | |||||||||||||||||
N. rustica | Lower leaf | 24.7 | 8.6 | 400.6 | 418.9 | 571.5 | 338.2 | 34.7 | 6.0 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 0.8 |
Upper leaf | 30.5 | 9.5 | 448.5 | 72.8 | 642.6 | 417.4 | 32.7 | 7.2 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 0.4 | |
Root | 7.8 | 2.5 | 313.9 | 99.4 | 514.4 | 109.1 | 9.9 | 4.7 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.2 | |
Flower | 5.8 | 4.6 | 193.8 | 41.9 | 68.3 | 44.9 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.1 | |
N. paniculata | Lower leaf | 6.4 | 3.7 | 747.6 | 449.5 | 134.4 | 204.9 | 50.7 | 18.6 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.4 |
Upper leaf | 2.0 | 0.8 | 221.7 | 88.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 38.0 | 8.9 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 3.2 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 2.3 | 0.3 | |
Root | 5.4 | 2.2 | 3620.3 | 1363.9 | 67.0 | 35.5 | 4.9 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.1 | |
Flower | 1.8 | 0.8 | 162.5 | 78.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 2.5 | 0.7 | 6.6 | 2.8 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 0.2 | |
N. knightiana | Lower leaf | 6.8 | 0.9 | 264.7 | 76.4 | 122.7 | 15.3 | 10.1 | 3.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 0.5 |
Upper leaf | 4.4 | 1.1 | 314.3 | 95.7 | 30.9 | 38.9 | 13.3 | 4.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 2.0 | 0.5 | |
Root | 7.5 | 1.8 | 5199.8 | 1522.4 | 289.1 | 117.1 | 5.8 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.3 | |
Flower | 0.9 | 0.4 | 26.7 | 10.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 5.0 | 1.8 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 0.3 | |
N. undulata | Lower leaf | 16.3 | 5.7 | 650.0 | 207.5 | 258.9 | 174.3 | 18.9 | 12.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 0.1 |
Upper leaf | 9.4 | 0.3 | 702.9 | 360.1 | 77.3 | 48.7 | 6.5 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 0.1 | |
Root | 7.6 | 2.3 | 2112.3 | 1042.3 | 379.9 | 212.2 | 17.4 | 2.4 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 3.0 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 0.4 | |
Flower | 0.3 | 0.1 | 70.3 | 5.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.9 | 0.5 | 8.3 | 2.4 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 0.4 | |
N. tabacum | Lower leaf | 10.0 | 2.6 | 323.5 | 67.6 | 429.9 | 90.2 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 0.2 |
Upper leaf | 8.2 | 1.9 | 251.5 | 79.4 | 290.1 | 77.7 | 3.9 | 2.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 2.2 | 0.6 | |
Root | 4.8 | 0.4 | 425.1 | 53.6 | 380.9 | 34.0 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | |
Flower | 2.1 | 0.3 | 65.6 | 29.1 | 36.5 | 8.3 | 7.5 | 1.2 | 10.7 | 1.8 | 14.5 | 3.2 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 0.2 | |
N. sylvestris | Lower leaf | 4.1 | 0.3 | 178.3 | 38.1 | 31.0 | 10.1 | 12.6 | 6.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.3 |
Upper leaf | 2.6 | 0.3 | 79.8 | 25.6 | 45.2 | 17.1 | 19.2 | 9.5 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.1 | |
Root | 7.4 | 1.4 | 653.8 | 184.9 | 726.2 | 132.6 | 5.2 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 4.4 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.1 | |
Flower | 0.2 | 0.2 | 5.9 | 4.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.0 | 0.7 | 2.6 | 0.4 | 7.2 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.1 | |
N. tomentosiformis | Lower leaf | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 331.2 | 135.1 | 7.0 | 2.1 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0.3 |
Upper leaf | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 129.2 | 66.5 | 14.7 | 3.6 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 0.5 | 1.8 | 0.5 | 1.6 | 0.3 | |
Root | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1719.7 | 763.5 | 849.9 | 224.8 | 9.2 | 2.0 | 7.0 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 9.5 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0.3 | |
Flower | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.8 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 9.8 | 3.5 | 9.3 | 2.7 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 2.3 | 0.1 | |