Corn dried distillers grains with solubles (cDDGS) in the diet of pigs change the expression of adipose genes that are potential therapeutic targets in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases

Table 1 Chosen performance and backfat quality parameters

	Group I (-cDDGS +rapeseed oil) n = 8	Group II (+cDDGS +rapeseed oil) n = 8	Group III (+cDDGS +beef tallow) n = 8	Group IV (+cDDGS +coconut oil) n = 8	SEM	P value
Fattening results:
Average daily body weight gains (g)	986	959	958	991	11.72	0.663
Averag feed utilization (kg)	3.07	3.16	3.17	3.03	0.04	0.564
Fatty acid profile and lipid peroxidation indicators:
C18:2	10.6 ^a	13.5 ^c	11.8 ^b	10.2 ^a	0.3	< 0.001
SFA^a	46.5 ^b	43.5 ^a	47.2 ^b	52.3 ^c	0.7	< 0.001
UFA^a	52.4 ^b	55.5 ^c	51.7 ^b	46.5 ^a	0.7	< 0.001
MUFA^a	39.8 ^b	40.1 ^b	38.6 ^b	35.3 ^a	0.5	0.001
PUFA n-6^a	10.8 ^a	13.8 ^c	12.2 ^b	10.4 ^a	0.3	< 0.001
PUFA n-3^a	1.76 ^c	1.61 ^c	0.98 ^b	0.77 ^a	0.09	< 0.001
PUFA^a	12.6 ^b	15.4 ^c	13.2 ^b	11.2 ^a	0.3	< 0.001
SFA/UFA ratio	0.89 ^b	0.78 ^a	0.91 ^b	1.12 ^c	0.03	< 0.001
IV (g/100 g)^b	57.2 ^b	62.0 ^c	56.3 ^b	50.0 ^a	0.9	< 0.001
TBA-RS (mg/kg)^c	0.25 ^ab	0.30 ^b	0.25 ^ab	0.18 ^a	0.02	0.029

^a.b.c. Values within a row with different superscripts differ significantly at P < 0.05
^aSum of fatty acids: saturated (SFA). unsaturated (UFA). monounsaturated (MUFA). polyunsaturated (PUFA)
^bIV – iodine value of fat
^cTBA-RS - Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances

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