Fig. 1
Sex differences in insulin signaling pathway responses. a Schematic of insulin signaling pathway. In Drosophila, insulin-like peptides (Ilps) bind the Insulin Receptor (InR), which is a transmembrane receptor. Upon Ilp binding, signal transduction through InR influences Foxo transcriptional activity and translation regulated by 4E-BP, among other changes. b Genes were identified that had significant differences in expression between the same sex control and InRDN-expressing flies, based on exon-level differential expression analyses. A gene is considered differentially expressed if at least one exon is differentially expressed. This set of comparisons is called “within sex comparisons”. The number of genes containing exons that change in both males and females, or only in one sex, is shown in the Venn diagram. Note that, If a gene is in the overlapping category (shows significant differential expression in multiple comparisons), this is based on exon-level analysis. c Genes were identified that had significant differences in expression between control males and females and between male and females expressing InRDN, based on exon-level differential expression analyses. A gene is considered differentially expressed if one exon is differentially expressed. This set of comparisons is called “between sex comparisons”. The number of genes with sex-biased expression in the control comparison, or in the InRDN-expressing comparison, or in both comparisons are shown in the Venn diagram. If a gene is in the overlapping category, this is based on exon-level analysis. For details regarding how these numbers were tabulated, see Additional file 5: Table S1A-B