Fig. 12

Protein family tree of archaeal ATPases. The phylogram was constucted using FastTree [144] on a MAFFT [145] amino acid alignment of 91 putative archaeal ATPases from prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Branches with bootstrap values ≥0.77 are thickened. Bar indicates amino acid substitutions/site. To the ATPases present in the published Galdieria phylogeny [146], we added all the proteins above Methanocaldococcus_j__MJ0632 in this figure. The eukaryotic taxa shown represent most of those currently known to harbor putative archaea-derived ATPases. ATPases from Galdieria (Gs) are marked red, from green algae and plants green, from fungi brown. All branches in black are prokaryotic, except for the amoeba Dictyostelium at the base. Branch labels include the taxon name or symbol and a protein identifier. The Asterochloris (Aster) proteins are indicated by their gene names in the JGI database [68]. The phylogeny suggests several independent HGT events, but it cannot exclude a very ancient HGT from Archaea to a common eukaryotic ancestor followed by losses in most eukaryotes. Asterochloris, Galdieria, and Selaginella have the largest families of archaeal ATPases (with 26, 12, and 7 members, respectively). See also Additional file 7