Fig. 5

Gene-set network analysis of Type 2 Diabetes. a Gene-set networks/clusters obtained using pMM (sARTP FDR < 0.25). Overlapping clusters are represented using dashed circles. The cluster labels are manually written by the authors. UPR means unfolded protein response. b Clusters of lipid metabolism derived by MM (left) and KAPPA (right). Whereas pMM separated triglyceride (fat) and phospholipid metabolism pathways, MM and KAPPA distance combined them into one cluster. Also, KAPPA added another gene-set in the cluster. Green and pink border represent the gene-sets related to phospholipid and fat metabolism, respectively. TG means Triglyceride. c PPI network (PPI score ≥ 0.5) of significant genes (FDR < 0.01) in the immune cluster. NFKB1, NFKB2, TNF, and TP53 were fully connected to each other