Fig. 5

Migration events between species of the genus Cervus estimated by TreeMix. Population differentiation and mixing were estimated by TreeMix based on genome-wide allele frequency, 2–5 gradients were set respectively, combined with D statistical results, we found that there might be 2 migration events among 5 species in the genus Cervus. The direction of migration events are shown by arrows, and intensity is represented by color depth. Both migrations started from a common ancestor of C. eldii and C. unicolor, some of the ancestors migrated to C. albirostris, and another part migrated to the common ancestor of C. nippon and C. albirostris