Fig. 6

Knockdown of selected IWDRGs verifies their roles in the regulation of wing size in S. furcifera. a, b The long-winged (LW) and short-winged (SW) S. furcifera adults (a) and their dissected forewings and hindwings (b) served as controls. c The representative short-winged (SW) S. furcifera adults after gene knockdown by RNAi. d The proportions of short-winged (SW) S. furcifera after gene knockdown by RNAi. gfp knockdown (dsgfp) was used as a negative control. Mean and standard error of the mean (S.E.M.) are calculated using three independent experiments. dsgfp (n = 164 females, 160 males), dsInR1 (n = 83 females, 82 males), dsfoxo (n = 79 females, 74 males), dsrack1 (n = 111 females, 122 males), dsvegfr1 (n = 128 females, 130 males), dsgrwd1 (n = 92 females, 108 males), dsnop2 (n = 47 females, 91 males) and dseif3m (n = 25 females, 31 males). *P-value < 0.05 by two-sided two-proportions Z-test compared with dsgfp