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Fig. 5 | BMC Genomics

Fig. 5

From: Transcriptome analysis revealed potential mechanisms of differences in physiological stress responses between caged male and female magpies

Fig. 5

Functional significance of several key genes from four KEGG pathways differentially expressed in female and male magpies. The proteins encoded by genes marked in blue were upregulated in female birds, whereas genes upregulated in male birds are in red. a The relationship between the key DEGs and stress resistance excerpted from the FOXO signaling pathway (ko04068) shown in Additional file 2: Figure S2; the JNK stress resistance gene was upregulated in females, and the SIRT1 stress resistance gene was upregulated in males. b The relationship between the key DEGs and energy metabolism excerpted from the AMPK signaling pathway (ko04152) shown in Additional file 3: Figure S3; females enhanced AMPK and G6Pase to regulate energy metabolism. c The relationship between the key DEGs and the immune system excerpted from the Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation pathway (ko04658) and the Th17 cell differentiation pathway (ko04659) shown in Additional file 4: Figure S4A and S4B, respectively; females upregulated MHC II, JNK, and SMADs to promote the differentiation of Th1/Th2 and Th17 cells, whereas males inhibited the differentiation of Th17 cells through Th1 cells. d The relationship between key DEGs and longevity excerpted from the longevity regulating pathway (ko04211) and the longevity regulating pathway worm (ko04212) shown in Additional file 6: Figure S5A and S5B, respectively; females regulated longevity through the AMPK energy metabolism and JNK stress resistance pathways, whereas males regulated longevity through CREB and SIRT1 stress resistance genes. Boxes represent signal pathways or gene products (i.e., proteins or RNA); solid arrows represent interactions and relationships between molecules; dotted arrows represent indirect or unknown relationships; the double helix represents DNA, circles represent molecules as indicated, and + P represents the process of phosphorylation. JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; FOXO, forkhead box protein; CBP, E1A/CREB-binding protein; Cadd45, growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein; Mn-SOD, Mn-superoxide dismutase; ATM, serine-protein kinase ATM; AMPK, 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase; PFK-2, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase; HNF4α, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α; G6Pase, glucose-6-phosphatase; eEF2K, elongation factor 2 kinase; eEF-2, elongation factor 2; GS, glycogen synthase; MHCII, major histocompatibility complex, class II; APC, antigen-presenting cells; NK cells, natural killer cells; IFNγ, interferon-γ; IFNγR, interferon-γ receptor; JAK1/2, Janus kinase 1/2; STAT1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1; LAT, linker for activation of T-cells; P38, p38 MAP kinase; Jun, transcription factor AP-1; TGF-β, transforming growth factor β: TGFβ-R, TGF-β receptor; SMADs, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog; RORγt, RAR-related orphan receptor γ; RORα, RAR-related orphan receptor α; T-bet, T-box protein; RUNX1, runt-related transcription factor 1; CREB, cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein; JKK-1, dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase JKK-1; and DAF-16, forkhead box protein O3

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