Fig. 1

Phenotypic alterations and mixed-lymphocyte reactions (MLR) of avian and mouse BMDCs in response to avian infectious bronchitis virus. a Flow cytometric analysis of the phenotypic alterations of immature avian BMDCs at day 7 showed high levels of CD11c and MHC Class II (Black lines display staining with the indicated antibodies, and grey lines the isotype controls).b CD40 and CD86 expression of avian BMDCs stimulated by IBV and inactivated IBV (Non-stimulated: immature avian DCs treatment with PBS; LPS: Positive control, immature avian DCs treated with 1 μg/ml LPS; IBV: immature avian DCs stimulated with IBV (MOI = 1); inactivated IBV: immature avian DCs stimulated with inactivated IBV). Shown were representative results of three independent experiments. c IBV or inactivated IBV-stimulated avian BMDCs induced the proliferation of lymphocyte cells in MLR. The stimulator cells were BMDCs stimulated with PBS, LPS, IBV or inactivated IBV at 37 °C for 24 h. All experiments were performed at least in triplicate. Significant differences between the treated and Non-stimulated groups are expressed as *P < 0.05 or **P < 0.01, respectively. The significance of the data was determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. d Flow cytometric analysis of the phenotypic alterations of immature mouse BMDCs showed high levels of CD11c and MHC Class II. e Second and third lines: CD40 and CD86 expression of mouse BMDCs stimulated by IBV and inactivated IBV. f IBV or inactivated IBV-stimulated mouse BMDCs induced the proliferation of lymphocyte cells in MLR