Genes | Location | Functional group | Functional role in sex | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
SDY | Ssa02, 19, 20 | Interferon regulatory factor | Up-regulation of inhibitors of CYP19A (cytochrome P450 aromatase), preventing the accumulation of estrogens required for female development. | |
SOX family | Ssa01–3, 5–7, 9–10, 12–17, 19, 21–23, 25–29 | Transcription factors | Testis development and male fertility in mammals. Sertoli cell differentiation and seminiferous tubule formation. | |
RSPO1 | Ssa02, 5 | Activator protein | Activator of ovarian determination and differentiation through the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. | |
LMO7 | Ssa21, 25 | Protein-protein interactions | Regulation of transcription of the emerin gene, an inhibitor of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway through beta-catenin. | |
ESR1 | Ssa02, 6, 15 | Ligand-activated transcription factor | Estrogen nuclear receptor involved in female development in vertebrates. Maintenance of development and maintenance of female status. | |
U2AF2A | Ssa02, 14, 15, 27 | Binding factor | Steroid receptor. Regulation of transcription mediated by steroid hormone receptors and alternative sex-specific splicing in vertebrates. Female sex differentiation. | [39] |
GNRH-R | Ssa02, 5, 23 | Binding factor | Receptor of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Regulation of female reproduction in vertebrates. | |
DND | Ssa17, 21 | Binding factor | Germ-cell-marker gene in many vertebrates. Involved in primordial germ cell migration and survival in teleosts. | [42] |
FIGLA | Ssa02, 20, 21 | Transcription factor | Germ-cell-specific transcription factor associated with ovary development and differentiation in vertebrates. | [43] |