Fig. 4

Relationship between methylation variations in sperm and complex traits. a Enrichments of six QTL categories (including 232 traits) from Cattle QTL database in HVMRs, Hypo-CMRs and Hyper-CMRs. CE: calving ease; DPR: daughter pregnancy rate; SB: still birth. b Module-trait relationships using a weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) (Only reproduction traits were tested). Elements in red dash box were two traits most significantly associated with module 1. HCR: heifer conception rate; CCR: cow conception rate; ST_PL: standard length of productive life; GL: gestation length; SCR: sire conception rate; PL: length of productive life; DPR: daughter pregnancy rate. c Co-methylated regions with 15 MHBs in module 1 enriched for glycosyltransferase genes. M1, M2 and M3 represents three MHBs located with the GALNT2 gene