Table 1 Composition of plant biomass. Based on Kowalczyk et al., 2014
Biomass | Polymer | Monomers |
|---|---|---|
Cellulose | D-glucose | |
Hemicellulose | Xylan | D-xylose |
Glucuronoxylan | D-glucuronic acid, D-xylose | |
Arabinoglucuronoxylan | D-xylose, L-arabinose | |
Arabinoxylan | D-xylose, L-arabinose | |
Galacto(gluco)mannan | D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose | |
Mannan/galactomannan | D-mannose, D-galactose | |
Xyloglucan | D-glucose, D-xylose, D-fructose, D-galactose | |
β(1,3)/(1,4)-Glucan | D-glucose | |
Pectin | Homogalacturonan | D-galacturonic acid |
Xylogalacturonan | D-galacturonic acid, D-xylose | |
Rhamnogalacturonan I | D-galacturonic acid, L-rhamnose, D-galactose, L-arabinose, ferulic acid, D-glucuronic acid | |
Rhamnogalacturonan II | D-galacturonic acid, L-rhamnose, D-galactose, L-arabinose, L-fucose, D-glucose, D-manno-octulosonic acid (KDO), D-lyxo-heptulosaric acid (DhA), D-xylose, D-apiose, L-acetic acid | |
Inulin | D-fructose, D-glucose | |
Starch | Amylose | D-glucose |
Amylopectin | D-glucose | |
Various gums | D-galacturonic acid, L-rhamnose, D-galactose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, L-fucose (depending on the specific gum type) | |
Lignin | monolignols: ρ-coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, sinapyl alcohol |