Fig. 6

Expression profiles of differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs in rice exposed to two pesticides. a Line graph represents a total number of predicted expressed lncRNAs and protein-coding genes (PCG). Predicted length (aa) is shown on x-axis with scale, and cumulative frequency is revealed on y-axis. b Venn diagram shows shared and unique DELs perceived under ABM treatments. c Venn diagram represents DELs observed at each treatment of TXM. d Distribution of total, unique and shared DELs under three treatments responding ABM or TXM. Number of unique and shared lncRNAs are specified in squares or alongside arrows, respectively. e Heat map represents the expression level of lncRNAs and their mediated genes in response to the studied pesticides. Color scale indicates FPKM change (blue, low expression level and red, high expression level). Correlation specificity score is presented on the right side of the heat map for lncRNAs and its neighboring genes. Values close to 1 means high correlation (R) of DELs and genes in the vicinity. f The expression level of a selected lncRNA and its adjoining gene under ABM and TXM pesticides. Expression levels are assumed on y-axis and treatment time is denoted by x-axis. As an example, lncRNA TU37692 positive correlates Os05g11260. Graphical representation of the gene and lncRNA is shown above graph representing the position of gene and lncRNA. g Predicted interaction network of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and PCGs. Circles show PCGs, triangles represent miRNAs and hexagonal structures indicate lncRNAs. Osa-miR1436 is specified as an example, targeting lncRNA TU9050 and a gene Os08g37700 highlighted in the red color. h Expression levels of two lncRNAs-mediated genes targeted by miRNAs are specified. The y-axis represents expression levels of lncRNAs and PCG and x-axis shows treatments of two pesticides. Osa-miR1436 and Osa-miR2864.2 target lncRNAs and PCGs positively regulating their expression levels under drugs treatments. i Predicted base pair interaction between two miRNAs and their targeted lncRNAs. Line graphs show high expression level of lncRNAs under pesticide treatments compared with control