Fig. 4

Specificity of expression in the venom glands of selected genes. Results showing the abundance of selected transcripts measured by qRT-PCR in females deprived of venom glands, males and venom glands. Results are presented as mean fold changes of three independent biological replicates, using females deprived of venom glands as calibrator. Relative expression (fold-change) is reported on Y-axis, which is plotted using a base 10 logarithmic scale. Error bars indicate standard error. Mean values denoted with different letters are significantly different (One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test, P < 0.05)